Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Urinary system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - move by diffusion , osmosis , active transport
      - all vital solutes and most water reabsorbed
      - excess solutes , waste products , some water remain in tubular fluid
      - return of components in fluid to blood
    - - solutes from blood to tubular fluid
      - by active transport
      - materials moved selectively into tubules to be excreted
    - - in glomerular capillaries
      - water and solutes entering capsular space of renal corpuscle
        
        due to pressure difference across filtration membrane
      - seperated fluid termed: filtrate
- - - - Renal corpuscle
      - Pressure difference
  - - - platelets
      - white blood cells
      - larger proteins
- - - - reabsorbed
        
        100%
    - - majority
      - aldosterone
        
        increase reabsorption
        
        water follows
        
        decrease urine production
        
        increase blood volume + pressure
      - ANP
        
        inhibits reabsorption
        
        more water + NA excreted in urine
        
        increase urine production
        
        decrease blood volume + pressure
        
        inhibits
    - - water reabsorption
        
        concentrated urine
        
        dark urine
  - - - aldosterone
      - ANP
    - - parathyroid hormone
        
        excretion
        
        reabsorption
        
        Ca2+
        
        calcium blood levels increase
        
        lack of
        
        osteoporosis
        
        poris bones
        
        vitamin D
        
        Ca2+ reabsorption in digestion
- - - - pulls water into tubular fluid
        
        loss of fluid in urine
- - - - all resides in cortex
      - glomerulus
        
        tangle of capillary loop
        
        glomerular capillaries
        
        afferent arteriole
        
        blood entering
        
        efferent arteriole
        
        exitng blood
      - glomerular capsule
        
        internal permiable visceral layer
        
        overlies glomerular capillaries
        
        capsular space between two layers
        
        receives filtrate
        
        modified to form urine
        
        external impermeable parietal layer
        
        simple squamous epithelium
    - - most of tubule in cortex
      - remaining portion of nephron
        
        three parts
        
        PCT, Loop, DCT
      - proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
        
        first region of renal tubule
        
        originates at tubular pole of renal corpuscle
        
        simple cuboidal epithelium
        
        micro-villi increasing surface area and re-absorption capacity
      - nephron loop
        
        between descending/ ascending limb
        
        lining of loop changes
        
        thick segment
        
        thin segment
        
        simple squamous
        
        back to simple cubodial
        
        simple cubodial epithelium
        
        connect at "hairpin turn" within medulla
      - distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
        
        extends to collecting duct
        
        lined with simple cubodial epithelium
        
        no micro-villi
        
        origiantes in renal cortex
        
        end of ascending limb
    - - juxtamedullary nephrons
        
        long nephron loops
        
        deep into medulla
        
        important role in kidneys ability to produce concentrated urine
        
        water conservation
        
        renal corpuscles adjacent to corticomedullary junction
      - cortical nephrons
        
        85% of nephrons
        
        bulk residing within cortex
        
        oriented with renal corpuscle near peripheral cortex
        
        short nephron loop
        
        just penetrates medulla
      - based on:
        
        relative position in cortex
        
        length of loop
- - - - deliver urine into minor calyces via papillae of medullary pyramids
  - - - responsive to hormones
        
        aldosterone
        
        ADH
      - maintains bodys water and Na+ balance
    - - types A and B
      - both specialized epithelial cells
      - help regulate urine pH and Blood pH
- - - - hypertension
        
        damage in glomerular capillaries
        
        treatment:
        
        transplant
        
        dialysis
      - diabetes