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2.4 Proteins - Coggle Diagram
2.4 Proteins
Amino Acids
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There are 20 different amino acids that are essential for humans which are synthesized and ribosomes of human cells
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These molecules can be linked together in any sequence giving a huge rang eof possible polypeptides.
Polypeptides, is a chain of more than 1, usually more than 20 amino acids that are are bonded together by peptide linkages.
Peptide linkages is how an amino acid bond with another one. It is a condensation reaction where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of another amino acid the from a peptide bond and a water molecule is released, leaving the N atom to bond with he other amino acids C atom.
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Most organisms use the same 20 amino acids in the same genetic code, with some exceptions.
Structures/Organization
Primary - number and sequence of amino acids, with their characteristic R groups. This amino acid sequence ultimately determines the three-dimensional conformation of a protein.
Secondary - polypeptides may coil into helices or form sheets, depending on the amino acids that make up the sequence. An α-helix or a β-pleated sheet has its structure stabilized by hydrogen bonding that occurs between the functional groups of amino acids in the chain.
Tertiary - The further twisting, folding, and coiling of the polypeptide chain. Results in a compact 3-D structure. The most stable arrangement of the protein and is due to hydrogen bonding, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, disulfide bonds etc.
Quaternary - The association between different polypeptides. Some proteins are made up more than one polypeptide chain. This structure of proteins also has the same interactions as tertiary.
Note: Not all proteins have a quaternary structure as not all proteins are made of more than one polypeptide chain
Peptide Linkages are the bonds that bind amino acids with each other and are also the bonds that form polypetides from amino acids
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