Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Urinary - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Nephron
        
        Function
        
        Filtration unit of the kidney
        
        consisting of renal corpuscle & renal tubule
        
        Renal tubule
        
        Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
        
        originates at tubular pole of renal corpuscle
        
        lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
        
        has microvilli increasing surface area & reabsorption capacity
        
        Nephron Loop
        
        contains descending & ascending limb
        
        connect at a "hairpin turn" within the medulla
        
        simple cuboidal epithelium to simple squamous then returns to simple cuboidal
        
        Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
        
        originates in renal cortex at end of ascending limb
        
        extends to collecting duct
        
        simple cuboidal epithelium w/o microvilli
        
        Collecting Ducts
        
        drainage for nephrons
        
        ducts fuse together together and deliver urine into the minor calyces through papillae of medullary pyramids
        
        Specialized cells
        
        Principle Cells
        
        responsive to aldosterone & antidiuretic hormone
        
        responsible for maintaining body water & sodium balance
        
        Intercalated Cells Type A & B
        
        both specialized epithelial cells
        
        help regulate urine pH & blood pH
        
        Types of Nephrons
        
        Cortical
        
        oriented with renal corpuscles near peripheral cortex
        
        short nephron loop penetrating medulla
        
        bulk within cortex
        
        85% of nephrons
        
        Juxtamedullary
        
        renal corpuscles adjacent to corticomedullary junction
        
        long nephron loops extend to deep medulla
        
        produce concentrated urine
      - Renal Corpuscle
        
        Glomerulus
        
        Characteristics
        
        tangle of capillary loops
        
        glomerular capillaries
        
        blood enters by afferent arteriole
        
        blood exits by efferent arteriole
        
        Glomerular Capsule
        
        Characteristics
        
        internal permeable visceral layer
        
        external impermeable parietal layer
        
        capsular space between two layers
        
        Receives filtrate and modified to form urine
        
        Flow of fluids
        
        Filtrate
        
        Blood flow through glomerulus
        
        Water & solutes filtered by blood plasma
        
        moves across wall of glomerular capillaries & into capsular space
        
        form filtrate
        
        blood components exit renal corpuscle through efferent arteriole
        
        Substances in blood
        
        freely filtered
        
        Not filtered
        
        Tubular fluid
        
        filtrate enters through PCT
        
        flow through PCT, nephron loop, DCT, & collecting ducts
        
        Enters collecting ducts
        
        Urine
        
        tubular fluid leaves collecting ducts
        
        enters papillary duct through renal sinus of the kidney
        
        flows from minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, finally ureter
        
        ureter connects to the urinary bladder
  - - - In glomerular capillaries
      - water & solutes enter capsular space of renal corpuscle
      - most proteins not freely filtered
    - - return of components from tubular fluid to blood via peritubular capillaries & vasa recta
      - travel by diffusion, osmosis & active transport
      - vital solutes & water reabsorbed
      - excess remains in tubular fluid
      - substances reabsorbed from tubular fluid back into blood
      - Nutrient Reabsorption
        
        most substances 100% reabsorbed
        
        Classes
        
        Nutrients
        
        Filtered plasma proteins
      - Potassium
        
        net secretion, reabsorption in collecting ducts
      - calcium & phosphate balance
        
        Ca2+ regulated by parathyroid hormone
    - - movement of solute blood to tubular fluid
      - active transport
      - selective mobility of materials into tubules
      - substances not originally filtered in glomerulus turn to components of urine
    - - reabsorbed in PCT
      - regulated by hormones at end of tubule
      - Aldosterone
        
        increase sodium reabsorption
        
        water followed by osmosis & reabsorbed
        
        decreased urine production which increases blood volume & pressure
      - Atrial natriuretic peptide
        
        reabsorption of sodium in PCT & collecting ducts
        
        inhibition of release of aldosterone
        
        more sodium and water excreted in urine
        
        more urine production decreases blood volume & pressure
    - - water reabsorpbed 65% in PCT
      - obligatory water reabsorption
      - DCT & collecting ducts are controlled by aldosterone & ADH
      - ADH regulates Aquaporins; faculative water reabsorption
      - Antidiuretic hormone increases water reabsorption
    - - collecting ducts regulate
        
        pH of urine
        
        blood
      - acidic blood
        
        synthesized HCO3- reabsorbed into the blood
        
        H+ is secreted into filtrate by type A intercalated cells
        
        increase blood pH & decrease urine pH
      - alkaline blood
        
        active type B intercalated cells
        
        secrete HCO3- & reabsorb H+
        
        lower blood pH & increase urine pH