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Reported speech - Coggle Diagram
Reported speech
It is a clause in which we report what somebody else said
It requieres some changes when we turn direct speech into indirect, for example in
tenses
indirect speech is often introduced by a verb in the past tense and verbs in the direct speech have to be changed into the corresponding past tense.
Simple present -> Simple past
Present coninuous -> Past continuous
Present perfect -> Past perfect
Present perfect continuous -> Past perfect continuous
Simple pasT -> Past perfect/past simple
Past continuous -> Past continuous/Past perfect continuous
Past perfect -> Past perfect
Future with “be going to” -> Future in the past with was/were going to
Future simple “will” -> Present conditional with would
Future continuous -> Present conditional continuous
Imperative -> Infinitive
Can -> Could
May -> Might
Must -> had to/ must
Would, cols,might, should, ought to, needen’t -> NO CHANGE
Otherwise, if the indirect speech is introduced by a verb in a present, present perfect or future tense, no changes are needed in the tense of the verb, but only in the person, time and space.
word order
pronouns
Some words may disappear or be expressed in other ways, too.
Like, "yes", "no", question tags
subject, time and space references