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OHS Mind Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Development
        
        2010's: Resilience engineering
        
        2000's: Safety culture
        
        1980's and 90's: Safety Management systems
        
        1970's & 80's: Man-made disasters, normal accidents and high reliability organisations
        
        1950's & 60's: System safety
        
        1940's: Human factors and cognitive systems engineering
        
        1930's: Heinrich and behaviour-based safety
        
        1920's: Accident-proneness
        
        1910's: Taylor and Proceduralisation
  - - - Environmental-level interventions for health protection
        
        Physical Hazards - eg manual handling policies
        
        Chemical Hazards - eg. substitution of hazardous substances with less hazardous substances
        
        Biological Hazards - eg. re-design of hospital layout to make hand washing easier to access
        
        Psychological Hazards - eg. design of 'good work'
      - Individual-level interventions for health protection
        
        Physical - eg. training in manual handling
        
        Chemical - e.g. protective equipment
        
        Biological - eg. compulsory vaccinations
        
        Psychological - e.g. time management training
      - Environmental-level interventions for health promotion
        
        Nutrition - e.g. healthy canteen options
        
        Smoking - e.g. non-smoking legislation
        
        Exercise - e.g. sedentary work policies
      - Individual-level interventions for health promotion
        
        Nutrition -e.g. health education
        
        Smoking - e.g. provision of quit services throughout work place
        
        Exercise - e.g. exercise facilities at work
        
        Sensible drinking - e.g health education
        
        Coping with stress - e.g. stress management course
    - - Biological monitoring - e.g. blood lead testing
      - Health monitoring - e.g. health assessments by a nurse
      - Employee assistance programs
    - - Work related illness
      - Non-work - related illness
  - - - Pre-Industrial Revolution
        
        Sever class inequality between the upper class and working class
        
        Wealth of the few was defined in terms of the poverty of many
        
        Universal equality and civil rights still margalised
      - Industrial and Social Revolution
        
        Social Revolutions push for a more egalitarian society
        
        Revolution in the productive power of society - beginning of industrial society
        
        Class inequality worsens
      - Factors shaping work - Australia
        
        Increased paid employment for women post-WW2
        
        Standard working week
        
        No longer a reality for 2/3's of Australian workers
        
        Pay and Working conditions
        
        Decentralisation and individualisation of negotiations in recent years has made it less likely for more vulnerable groups in the labour market such as females, young works and those of culturally diverse backgrounds to be able to bargain for better pay or working conditions
      - Post Industrial Revolution
        
        Development of forms of organised labour
        
        Trade Unions
        
        Political movements
        
        Emerging technical and managerial system
    - - Poor working class has emerged while the salaries of the upper classes have increaed
- - - - Study of the biology of psyche
        
        anatomy
        
        physiology
        
        pathology
    - - Incorporation of stimulus' in OHS
        
        Stimulus -> Response -> Reinforcement.
      - Learned helplessness
    - - Developed from the limitations of behaviourism in accounting for some human behaviours/abilities, and from advances in information technology and computer modeling.
        
        Relevant to OHS in terms of how cognitive processes such as memory, attention and decision making can affect work performance and safety,including human interaction with complex systems and machines.
    - - Personality Dimensions
        
        Openness to experience
        
        Conscientiousness
        
        Extraversion
        
        Agreebleness
        
        Neiroticism
      - Caution is recommended when applying personality factors, due to issues of context dependence and task dependence
    - - Important for OHS professional to be aware of the categories of psychiatric illness
        
        Delirium, dementia, amnesic and other cognitive disorders
        
        Mental disorders due to a general medical condition
        
        Substance-related disorders
        
        Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
        
        Mood disorders
        
        Anxiety disorders
        
        Somatoform disorders
        
        Factitious disorders
        
        Dissociative disorders
        
        Sexual and gender identity disorders
        
        Eating disorders
        
        Sleep disorders
        
        Impulse-control disorders
        
        Personality disorders (APA, 2000)
  - - - Attribution theory
      - Biases in attributing causes to the actions of others
    - - Ingroups and outgroups
      - Social identity and self-categorisation theories
      - Stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination
      - The contact hypothesis
      - Changes in self-categorisation
    - - Decision-making biases
      - Group task performance
    - - Compliance
      - Sources of power
      - Obedience to authority
    - - Cognitive dissonance theory
      - Persuasion theory
    - - The theory of planned behaviour
- - - - Constitution does not expressly empower the Commonwealth to legislate generally for OHS, and therefore it falls to the state and territory governments to enact such legislation
    - - Responsibility of Safe Work Australia (SWA)
  - - - Legislation and common law
      - Criminal law and civil law
      - Federal system
    - - A person conducting a business or undertaking
        
        Can be an individual, company, partnership or
        association
    - - Are individuals who carry out work for a PCBU
    - - Are those who effectively call the shots for decisions that affect a substantial portion of the buisiness
    - - A duty of care is a legal duty to take care for the safety of another person
        
        duty holder must comply with duties to the extent to which they
        have control over relevant matters
        
        Officers
        
        will need to rely on the
        advice and expertise of others in carrying out their role.
        
        PCBU
        
        Must assess all relevant matters that determine reasonable practice
        
        the likelihood of the hazard or the risk concerned occurring;
        
        the degree of harm that might result from the hazard or the risk
        
        what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about:
        
        the hazard or the risk; and
        
        ways of eliminating or minimising the risk
        
        the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk
        
        the cost associated with available ways of eliminating or minimising the risk
        
        Workers
        
        The extent of their role depends on
        
        associated expectations
        
        Their ability to control relevant matters
        
        Knowledge they have or ought reasonably to have
        
        Their skill and ability