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MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Virulance Factor
        Pili (fimbrae), por protein, opa proteins, RMP (protein III), LOS, IgA1 protease, Genetics --> 2 plasmids berisi gen yang mengkode TEM-1 tipe Beta laktamases
        Patogenesis & Clinical findings
        
        bukan normal flora
        
        transmisi mostly lewat sexual contact
        
        bakteri sering menyerang mucosal membranes (genitourinary tract, eyes, rectum, throat)
        
        produc acute suppuration --> tissue invation --> chronic inflamasi --> fibrosis
        
        Clinical findings: uretritis, salphingitis, proctitis, gonoblenorrhoe, oral GO
        
        Gonococcal bakterimia : lesi kulit dan septic artritis
      - Identifikasi
        Spesimen (pus dan sekresi uretra, dll), Gram staining, kultur (thayer martin --> opaque, non hemolytic), tes katalase (+), tes oksidase (+), reaksi biokemia teroksidasi
        Prevention & Control
        
        counseling, education, no drugs, no alcohol, healty sexual, antibiotik treatment
        
        kemoprohylaxis : Old (silveer nitrate) and now (erythromacin)
    - - Reaksi biokimia : oksidase glukosa dan maltosa
        
        struktur antigenic : 13 serogroups identifiy base capsul, most important human pathogen --> A, B, C, X, Y, W-135
      - Virulance factors
        3 tipe OMP yang comparable to gonococci's Por protein, OPA protein, Lipopolisakaraida (toxic efect-->sepsis)
        Patogenesis dan clinical findings
        
        May form a part of the transient flora in nasopharynx
        
        portal entry : nasofaring --> blood stream --> bacteremia (meningococcemia)
        
        meningitis komplikasi paling sering di meningococcemia
      - Prevention and Control
        Pake vaccine untuk prevention sebelum travelling, giving rifampisin to eradicate carrier
        Identifikasi
        
        Spesimen : blood and cerebrospinal fluid (throat swab --> carriage screening)
        
        Gram staining : gram negatif diplococci (intra/extra seluler of PMN)
        
        Kultur : (sama kayak gonorrheae)
- - - - Klasifikasi
        
        Enteric fever (Salmonella Thyphi --> thypoid fever)
        
        Bacteremia with focal lesions
        
        Enterocolitis
      - Karakteristik
        McConkey medium --> non lactose fermenter dan Bismute sulphite agar --> black jet colonies (produce H2S), motil
        Reaksi biokimia
        non lactose, produce H2S, produce gas dari glukosa (kec. S.Typhi)
      - Patogenesis dan Klinical Findings
        
        mainly on GIT --> Thyphoid fever, cause by S. Typhi
        
        Manifestasi : Gastroenteritis, septicemia, enteric fever (typoid fever), constipation
        
        bakteri masuk --> adesi dan penetrasi intestinal cell wall --> invasion regional lymphatic dan entry bloodstream --> fagositosis --> bakteri selamat dan multiply (fakultatif intraseluler bacteria) --> second bacteremia --> invasi ke hati, gllbladder, dll --> reinvasi small intestinal --> nekrosis of Patch of Peyer
      - Identifikasi
        
        Spesimen : blood, stool, urine, or bone marrow aspirates
        
        Gram staining : gram negative bacilli
        
        Kultur : McConkey Medium (non laktosa), bismuth sulphite (black jet colonies), biokemical reaction (produce H2S)
    - - Klasifikasi
        indistingishable from Eschericia coli, dibagi 4 major (O) serogroups (A, B, C, D)
        Karakteristik
        
        Mc conkey medium (non lactose), salmonella shigella agar
        
        reaksi biokimia : no produse H2S, no produce gar
        
        non motil
      - Identifikasi
        isolated from clinical spesimen, spesimen (rectal swab/tool), kultur McConkey / HE / SS agar, berdasarkan reaksi biokimia dan serology
        Patogenesis dan Clinical findings
        
        major cause of bacillary dysentery
        
        fakultative intraceluler bacteria
        
        mostly infected local organ
        
        shigellae carries gene for Shiga-toxin
        
        Virulent shigella penetrates mucosa of colon
  - - - Klasifikasi
        E.coli, generally resides in human as normal flora, some pathogenic strains, opportunistic pathogen
        Karakteristik
        
        McConkey medium (lactose fermenter)
        
        Eosin methylene blue (metallic green sheen)
        
        Reaksi biokimia : lactose fermenter, produce gas from glukosa, indole test (+), no produce H2S
        
        motile
        
        TSI produce gas dan warnanya
      - Identifikasi
        Spesimen (urin, feces, blood, cerebropial fluid, Gram Staining (negative bacilli), kultur (mcconkey, EMB medium, Reaksi biokimia)
        Virulence factors & Clinical findings
        
        Urinary tract infection : O antigen, Hemolysin, P fimbriae
        
        diarrheal disease : EPEC (BFP & LEE), ETEC (LT & ST), EHEC (Shiga toxin), EIEC (Outer membrane protein), EAEC (ST like toxic)
    - - Klasifikasi
        
        K.p. ssp pneumoniae --> pneumoniae
        
        K.p. ssp ozaenae --> atrophy nasal mucosa
        
        K.p. ssp rhinoscleromatis --> rhinoscleroma
        
        K.p. ssp. granulomatis --> granuloma inguinale
      - Identifikasi
        Spesimen (urine, blood, sputum), Gram negative bacili, Kultur (mcconkey), reaksi biokimia
        Karakteristik
        
        Lactose fermenter, mucoid
        
        Reaksi biokimia : sitrat (+), VP reaktion (+), no produce H2S
        
        Lact of motility
    - - Karakteristik
        
        Genus proteus
        Spesies : Proteus vulgaris & Proteus mirabilis
        
        peritrichous flagella, swarming in solid media
        
        Reaksi biokimia : lactose ferment, tes oksidase (-), katalase (+), nitrate (+), urease (+)
      - Patogenesis & Cinical Findings
        
        produce infection saat bakteri pergi dari GIT
        
        ketemu di urinary tract infection dan produce bacteremia, pneumonia, and focal lesions
        
        kontaminasi lewat intravenous infusions
        
        semua bisa menyebabkan human infections
        
        pH naik bisa cause calculi formation
      - Identifikasi
        
        Spesimen : blood, urine, sputum, wound swab
        
        Gram staining : gram negative bacilli
        
        Kultur : McConkey (non/slow lactose ferment), Muller hinton (swarming)
        
        Reaksi biokimia