Indian Act 1876
Causes
Direct Consequences
The Gradual Enfranchisement Act was an act to restrict First Nation peoples control over their reserve and politics. This meant less involvement in self governing and the Federal Government had more control over what they did and their land.
Residential Schools were closely related to the Indian Act as they had the same goal in mind, being to assimilate First Nation peoples. This was through means of intense torture and abuse, both mentally and physically. "The treatment of children in Indian residential schools is a sad chapter in our history... Two primary objectives of the residential schools system were to remove and isolate children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and cultures, and to assimilate them into dominant culture." Stephen Harper, former Prime Minister of Canada.
Indirect Consequences
Due to the extremes the Government went in order to assimilate First Nation people they had to apologize. the amount of abuse that lead to trauma they went to was unthinkable.
Government Apology
The intentions of the white paper of 1969 was to achieve equality across Canada by elimination of the use of the term Indian as a distinct legal status. "In spite of all Government attempts to convince Indians to accept the white paper, their efforts will fail, because Indians understand the path outlined by the Department of Indian Affairs through its mouthpiece, the Honorable Mr. Chretien, leads directly to cultural genocide. We will not walk this path." -Harold Cardinal, the Unjust Society.
Residential Schools
Gradual Enfranchisement Act 1869
Royal Proclamation 1963
White Paper 1969
The 1951 amendment to the Indian Act was made after WW2 when Canada recognized First Nation peoples contributions to Canada. This resulted in an amendment being made to the Indian Act. This amendment allowed First Nation peoples to do things such as gamble, let them get a lawyer and go to court, and even allowed for women to vote in band councils. This was a big step in Recognition and reconciliation of First Nations peoples
A picture of the royal proclamation
The Royal Proclamation is considered to be the first step in recognition of Aboriginal rights. It established guidelines for European settlers in North America on Aboriginal land. This act gave a huge chunk of land that was exclusive to the First Nation peoples, which is why it was considered to be the first step in the recognition of their rights. The Royal Proclamations creation most likely changed the course of history between us and First Nation peoples. Maybe if the proclamation wasn't created, there would be no Indian Act?
Indian Status and Status Cards are a very controversial topic. There are many false thoughts floating around in regards to status. Things such as not paying income taxes if you live and work on the reserve. Which some don't have to pay its true, but to blanket every First Nation as a non tax payer isn't correct. A lot of people think First Nation peoples shouldn't be getting the support from the government that they are getting. They deem it as unfair. But it all relates back to the Indian Act and reconciliation. We prevented many of them from living normal lives, so it is our duty to try our best to make up for that wrong.
1951 Amendment
Indian Status
The 60s scoop is one of the most infamous events in recent history and for good reason, many Indigenous children were taken from their families and cultures only to be assimilated into dominant culture. The affects of the 60s scoop still resonates with us today as many of the victims of this mass "kidnapping" are still trying to find themselves as a person and regain their culture. "I get called an apple, brown outside, white inside." Angela Ashawasegai- a first nation women who was removed from her home and was taken from her family and culture during the 60s scoop.
60s Scoop
Gradual Civilization Act 1857
click to edit
This act allowed for any First Nations male who was free of debt and that had good morals to own 59 acres of land on a reserve, but he would have to cut any ties to his band and cease to be an Indian. the purpose of the act was to not allow First Nation peoples to maintain their identity if they wanted an education, job and a right to vote.