Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), image, image, image, image, image, image …
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Sensory/Afferent division
ability to sense/perceive our surrounding
entry point
for any stimulus
major component is
somatosensory system
receptor sends a
signal
to the brain
impulses integrated
at cerebral cortex
stimulus can perceived properly
At brain, signal is
interpreted
& assessed the information
Motor/Efferent division
ability to physically response
carry the impulses
away
from brain towards muscle cause a
movement
Types of sensory receptors
type of stimulus
photoreceptors
(respond to light)
chemoreceptors
(respond to specific chemicals)
thermoreceptors
(respond to temperature changes)
nociceptors
(respond to damaging stimuli)
mechanoreceptors
(respond to touch/pressure)
location on body
interoceptors
(respond to stimuli inside the body)
proprioceptors
(respond to stimuli in skeletal muscle & related connective tissue)
exteroceptors
(respond to stimuli outside of the body)
structure
bulbous corpuscles
muscle spindles
lamellar corpuscles
tendon organs
encapsulated nerve endings
joint kinesthetic receptors
nonencapsulated nerve endings
The senses
vision
Structure of eye
Eyebrow
prevents sweat from trickling into the eyes
Eyelid
covers & protects the eye
reflectively blinking every few seconds
secretions to keep eyes moist
Eyelashes
trigger reflex blinking
Conjunctiva
a mucus membrane
Lacrimal apparatus
comprised by gland for tear production & duct for nasal cavity
6 Muscles that control motion the eye
vitreous humour
sclera
corneo
choroid
ciliary body
iris (colour of eye)
pupil (central of the eye/light enters)
retina (photon interprets in the brain to see surrounding)
lens
hearing
structure of ear
external
auricle
helix
ear lobe/lobule
tympanic membrane/eardrum
auditory canal
middle
tympanic cavity has 3 tiny bones
auditory ossicle which are malleus, incus,stapes
internal
labyrinth
bony
vestibule
semicircular ducts
cochlea
scala vestibuli
scala tympani
scala media
membranous
smelling
structure of nose
full of chemoreceptors
volatile substance can interact to this receptors
Olfactory epithelium (millions olfactory sensory neurons)
impulse generate if an odorant in olfactory cilia
olfactory bulb > olfactory tract (to brain)
tasting
structure of tongue
allows for taste
approximately 10,000 taste buds are found in papillae
taste bud
consists of gustatory epithelial cells & basal epithelial cells
Guestatory act as chemoreceptors
Basal act as stem cells that replace gustatory as they damaged or burnt
5 taste sensation
sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami (savoury)
touch
structure of nerve
nerve bundle of axons inclosed by connective tissue
each axon within the nerve is surrounded by lose connected tissue called endoneurium
perineurium
fassicles
epineurium
blood vessels
mixed nerves
contain both sensory & motor neurons
transmit impulses to & from CNS
sensory nerves
contain sensory neurons
transmit impulses to CNS
motor nerves
contain motor neurons
transmit impulses from CNS
12 pairs Cranial nerves
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
vestibulocochlear
facial
hypoglossal
glossopharyngeal
accessory
vagus
31 pairs Spinal Nerves
extend from the spinal cord to most areas of body
form nerve plexuses
