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Bood in urine/ Low Kidney Function - Coggle Diagram
Bood in urine/ Low Kidney Function
Background
Urinary system
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Kidneys
Nephron:
Filtration unit of kideney
Renal corpucle:
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule
internal Permeable visceral layer
external impermeable parietal layer
Capsular space between two layers
glomerulus
Efferent arteriole:
Blood exits here
Afferent arteriole:
Blood enteres here
Urine formation
Filtration
in
glomerular capillaries
water and solutes enter capsular space from pressure differences
Filters:
Water, glucose, amino acids, ions, urea, hormones,
Vitamins B and C
ketones, a little proteins
Tubular reabsorption
return of components to blood in
peritubular capillaries
waste and water remain in tubular fluid
Absorbs:
Na+, Water, potassium, Calcium, Bicarbonate ions, hydrogen ions,
Tubular secretion
movements of solutes from blood to tubular fluid
Usually active transport
moved to
tubules
to be secreted
Secretes
:
Calcium, if levels are elevated
remaining Potassium if levels are elevated
Hydrogen ions if blood in acidic state
Bicarbonate ions if blood in alkaline state
Renal Tubule:
3 continuous parts of nephron
Proximal convoluted tubule
first region of renal tube
Nephron loop
: has descending and ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule
originated in renal cortex
The 2 types of nephrons
Cortical nephrons
85% of nephrons
bulk of it located in cortex
short nephron loop
Juxtamedullary
long nephron loop
adjacent to corticomedullary junction
plays role in water conservation
Collecting ducts
Nephrons drain to here
Principle cells
Maintains body water and Na+ balance
Intercalated cells
: Types A and B
helps regulate urine and blood pH
Osteoporosis
Density of bone decreases and becomes fragile
Can affect calcium in urine
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Can cause frequent urination
DM II
(Type 2 Diabetes)
affects the way sugar in body is metabolized
can be monitored with urine glucose levels
Kidney stones
Increased calcium in urinary system
Calcium supplements
Hypertension
Osteoporosis
Urinary tract infection
Bacteria
Urine stays in bladder too long
Contamination from external source
Kidney disease
Damaged Kidneys
Damage to nephons
Restricted blood supply
Narrowed arteries
HIgh blood pressure
Less Calcium
Broken bones
Kidney failure
Toxins in blood
Increased risk of infection
Disease
Death
Fatigue
Dialysis
Can increase risk of infecton
Weakness
Pain
Nausea