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Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources, Geology, Legend: Blue: Watersheds …

- - - - When the Northern Hemisphere is titled toward the Sun, it experiences Summer, long days, and high Insulation.
      - When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it experiences the following: Winter, short days, and low insulation.
  - - - Hadley cells are between the equator a 30 degrees N and S. Once all the moisture is dropped at the tropics (equator) the now dry air is displaced over the 30 latitude lines. It sinks and flows back to the equator to complete the cycle.
        
        Also note the the Ferrell cells are not always a complete cycle, but they are driven by both of the other cells. Because of this, though, it is also responsible for fueling them.
        
        Movement in Polar cells are influenced by Ferrell cells. Part of the rising air at 60 degrees latitude diverges toward the poles, creating the polar cells.
- - - - The most fertile soil is mature soil because old soil may have had its nutrients depleted by vegetation, leached by water, or eroded by wind and rain.
  - - - Next is the E Horizon, which is a zone of leaching or eluviation of metals and nutrients that forms under the O Horizon, or more rarely, the A Horizon, found in acidic soils. When an E Horizon is present, it always occurs above the B Horizon (Subsoil). It consists of mineral material with little organic matter. If nutrients are present in soil, they will be here.
        
        Lastly, the C Horizon is the least weathered, and is similar to the parent material.
        
        A large amoount of the nutrients in soils is recycled from detritus by detritivores.
        
        Bacteria also play a part. Nitrogen Fixing bacteria takes unusable forms of nitrogen, like nitrogen gas, and turning it ammonia through ammonification that nitrifying bacteria turn into usable forms for plants. It is an important nutrients for them.
  - - - Permeability is a physical property, while cation exchange capability (CEC) is a chemical property. It is like the soils ability to provide essential cations (nutrients) to plants, and it is good if it is high.
        
        The soil with the best balance between water permeability and CEC would be a loam soil.