"Ideologischer Pragmatismus" - politics of petition (Schlesinger 1997: 42)

Hartnäckigkeit - "During one intense debate about a road-funding bill, Tanaka had a desk set up for himself inside the Finance Ministry." (Schlesinger 1997: 43)

""I don't care how harshly intellectuals attack me," he re- torted. "I'm thinking of how to catch the honest feelings of the public. Don't you think the people like to listen to naniwabushi?"" (Schlesinger 1997: 54)

"Political Friends Society"/"The Thursday Club" --> gundan

1974 Bungei Shunju Report: Tanakas Netzwerk an Immobilienspekulanten und -profiteuren --> Tanaka tritt als PM zurück

Konkurrenz auch innerhalb einer Partei --> MMD Wahlsystem

Faktionen deren Leiter für Geldsammlung zuständig sind und Gelder an Mitglieder verteilen

Lokale MPs hohen Geldbedarf --> Kontaktpflege, Geschenke für Hochzeiten, etc.

"Tanaka was said to have shelled out up to $16 million, five times Fukuda's war chest, in a race decided by five hundred electors—more than half of what Richard Nixon had spent on his entire national presidential bid in 1968." (Schlesinger 1997: 111)

"In the weeks after his arrest, when his future seemed in doubt, one of the first things Tanaka reportedly did to keep his faction members in line was to hand three million yen, or $10,000, to each and to promise to sell his beloved Mejiro estate if nec- essary to keep up such support." (Schlesinger 1997: 110)

"Tanaka, in contrast, openly embraced the pecuniary side of poli- tics from very early in his career. He himself boasted that he had won his first cabinet post in 1957 "by money," telling supporters that he had given Prime Minister Kishi a small backpack stuffed with 3 million yen in bills. Perhaps because he was unencumbered by pretensions of purity, Tanaka could interpret the intermingling of money and power more pragmatically than his colleagues could." (Schlesinger 1997: 110)

""(1) Repay your loan of
one million yen; (2) Use one million yen to buy delicious food for those who have suffered because of your mismanagement; (3) Keep one million yen on hand in case of another emergency; (4) It is unnecessary to repay me the three million yen." (Schlesinger 1997: 113)

"After the death of group lieutenant Noboru Takeshita's father, Tanaka immediately chartered a plane carrying sixty-nine black-clad MPs to the country- side for the funeral." (Schlesinger 1997: 114)

Offenheit für Interessierte: z.B. Hata Tsutomu und Hatoyama Yukio wurden zuerst von anderen LDP Faktionen abgelehnt

1983 gundan wird zur jemals größten inner-parteilichen LDP Faktion

"As for Tanaka personally, he took no major post (except, in a cheeky gesture, for a seat on Parliament's Disciplinary Committee, where he could vote on ethics matters). Officially, he was not even registered as the head Of his faction, leaving that title to an under- ling; nor was he a member of the LDP, since he had resigned from the party after his arrest." (Schlesinger 1997: 121)

"The conservatives badly needed a conduit for peaceful dialogue with their rivals: to explain the rationale behind legislation, to listen to demands, to negotiate compromises, or, at the very least, to find a less disruptive way of agreeing to disagree. By the late 1970s, the Tanaka faction had become the main such mechanism, the govern- ment's chief envoy to the opposition. Gundan members were called on to handle informal wheeling and dealing across the parliamentary aisle and were consistently appointed to chair the official committees established to broker multiparty deals. "It wí11 be difficult for the LDP to steer [Parliament] smoothly if it ignores the Tanaka faction," a journal reported in 1979." (Schlesinger 1997: 129)