Chapter 51: Animal Behavior
Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Behaviors and Sensory
Niko Tinbergen
Dutch scientist that studied animal behavior and made 4 questions to understand animal behavior
3. How does the behavior help with survival and reproduction?
2. How does animal growth and development affect the response to the behavior
4. What is the behavior's evolutionary history?
1. What makes the animal do the behavior?
contd. What parts of the animal body are involved with the behavior and its response?
Fixed Action Pattern
Unlearned, automatic responses to a single stimulus
(i.e. male stickleback fish gets protective & territorial when another comes near its nest)
This is due to the fish seeing something with a red color, producing an automatic response
Sign Stimulus
The single stimulus that causes the response in a fixed action pattern
Migration
Long distance location change
Environmental cues often let the animal know when to migrate
(i.e. Nocturnal animals use the North Star to migrate)
Circadian Clock
A relative point that guides animal migration sometimes won't always be there (i.e. Sun)
The body rhythm helps adjust to this through its natural rhythm
Terrestrial Biome
Aquatic Biome
Tropical Forest
Locations
Precipitation
Dominant Organisms
Around the equator (equatorial & sub-equatorial)
Plants
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Relatively constant, 200-400 cm annually
Highly seasonal, 150-200 cm annually
6-7 month dry season
Animals
Millions of spiders, insects, amphibians, mammals, birds, etc.
Broad-leaf evergreen trees often make the top layer
Bromeliads and orchids are most common in tropical rain forests
Chapter 53: Population Ecology