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Biology Unit Mindmap pt.2 - Coggle Diagram
Biology Unit Mindmap pt.2
Systems
interacting or interdependent components
static or dynamic, simple or complex
it's a structure
Human Body systems:
11 organ systems
(circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, integumentary, skeletal, muscle and reproductive systems)
Gas exchange
Physiological Respiration
Ventilation
exchange air with the atmosphere and the lungs
Purpose of ventilation
Tissues need oxygen for aerobic respiration and release waste (fart).
Lungs need oxygen and exchange it with the blood stream
Gas Exchange
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
alveoli and bloodstream
Cell Respiration
release energy from organic molecules
Respiratory System
Structure: trachea, bronchiole, alveolus, rib, bronchus, lung, diaphragm
Air enters through nose or mouth then passes through the pharynx to the trachea
Air travels down to the trachea until it divides into two bronchi and it is connected to the lungs
Boyle's Law
1
Pressure (P ) = ------------
Volume (V)
As volume increases the pressure decreases
As volume decrease pressure increases
Rib cage
Muscles of inspiration
core muscles
external intercostals
(elevates ribs)
Diaphragm
(expand thoracic cavity)
Muscles of expiration
core muscles
internal intercostals
(pulls ribs down)
Diaphragm
(reduces thoracic cavity)
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a type of cancer which starts in the lungs, while cancer happens when the cells in your body is growing out of control.
it damages the cells that line the lungs
symptoms would be coughing up blood, even a small amount, shortness of breath, chest pain, hoarseness, losing weight without trying, bone pain and headaches.
Emphysema
lung condition that causes shortness of breath.
long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as tobacco smoke and air pollution
collapsed lung, large holes in the lungs, and heart problems
inhaled steroids can reduce inflammation and may help relieve shortness of breath. Antibiotics is one another appropriate treatment as well when a bacterial infection occurred.
Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen + Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Glycolysis - the breakdown of glucose by enzymes and releasing energy and pyruvate
Input: Glucose
Output: 2 ATP + 2 pyruvate
Location: Cytoplasm
Anaerobic Respiration - no oxygen
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water ----> Glucose + Oxygen
carbon becomes locked as part of the accumulating plant biomass.
Limiting Factors
CO2
Temperature
Light Intensity
CO2
carbon atoms to form organic molecules
organic molecules are being produced
Temperature
sensitive to temperature fluctuations
Above a certain temperature the photosynthesis will decrease and essential enzymes begin to denature
Light Intensity
Absorbed by chlorophyll and it converts into radiant energy into chemical energy
As light intensity is increased more chlorophyll are being photo-activated
Different wavelengths have different effects