Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Applied Psychology - Coggle Diagram
Applied Psychology
The Psychological Testing Movement
James McKeen Cattell
Coined “mental testing”
motor skills and sensory capacities
Interested in Galton’s work in eugenics
Argued for the sterilization of delinquents and “defective persons”
Argued for offering incentives to healthy, intelligent people if they would intermarry
organized the Psychological Corporation in 1921 to promote applied psychology as business
provide psychological service to the industry, psy community, and general public; earned a huge profit
developed WAIS, WISC, TAT
Alfred Binet
Mental age
the age at which children of average ability can perform certain tasks
Lewis M. Terman
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100
World War I and Group Testing
A great number of soldiers recruited
classification is needed to assign them suitable tasks
Assessing personality
Assessing intelligence
After the war
The public education system in the United States was reorganized around the concept of the intelligence quotient
Many psychologists found gainful employment developing and applying psychological tests
Psychological testing gained the success of public acceptance
Psychology testing was adopted by the government
used to support federal legislation restricting the immigration of racial and ethnic groups
Biases of the intelligence test aroused social controversy
The Industrial-Organizational Movement
The Hawthorne Studies and Organizational Issues
An investigation of the effects of the physical work environment on the efficiency of the employees
Widened scope of horizon: led to exploration of leadership, work groups, work climate, communication
Walter Dill Scott
first person to apply psychology to personnel selection, management, and advertising
Advertising and human suggestibility
emotion, sympathy, and sentimentality as factors to heighten consumer suggestibility
Employee selection
devised rating scales and group tests to measure the characteristics of people who were already successful in those occupations
Impact of world wars
World War II
testing, screening, and classifying recruits so to assess ability to learn required skills for further selection and training procedure
World War I
monumental increase in the scope, popularity
Evaluated the job qualifications of three million soldiers
Hugo Münsterberg
Psychotherapy
Believed mental illness was really a behavioral maladjustment problem
Industrial psychology
the best way to increase job efficiency was to select workers for positions that matched their mental and emotional abilities
suggested usage of partitions to separate office workers’ desks
Contributed to: vocational guidance, advertising, personnel management, mental testing, employee motivation, and the effects of fatigue and monotony on job performance
Forensic psychology and eyewitness testimony
described the psychological factors that can affect a trial’s outcome
Zeitgeist
Between 1880-1900: rapid growth of psychology research and practice in the U.S
1893 Chicago World’s Fair
1894: G. Stanley Hall proposes psychology needs to make its influence felt outside of the university
Applied fields:
Big business/Industry
Psychological testing
Criminal Justice
Mental health clinics
Education
Hollingworth’s coca-cola case
Psychologists could have successful and financially rewarding careers in applied psychology without challenging their professional integrity
The Clinical Psychology Movement
Lightner Witmer
Began the field of clinical psychology
Started the world’s first psychology clinic at the Univ. of Pennsylvania
access and treat children with learning and behavioral problems
proposed treatment in collaboration with families and schools
Started the first clinical psychology journal, Psychological Clinic in 1907
Offered the first college course on clinical psychology
The Profession of Clinical Psychology
World War II generate great need for clinical psychologists
Large numbers of draftees had severe anxieties, depression, antisocial demeanors, uncontrolled anger, and generally unstable psychic presentations
clinical psychologists treat emotional disturbances of military personnel
treatment of veterans who needed vocational and personal counseling to help them return to normal civilian life