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Couple looking for advice on contraceptive strategies - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Can cause skin irritation
      - Spotting
      - headaches
      - bloating
      - breast tenderness
    - - Can cause irregular bleeding
      - Can lower bone density
    - - Can cause blood clots
      - Can lead to high blood pressure
      - Cause spotting
      - Breast tenderness
      - Nausea
      - Low sex drive
      - Increase risk of stroke if you smoke
  - - - Pregnancy occurs less than 1 in 100
      - No need for other contraceptive measures
      - Used as long term
    - - Safe form of contraception
      - 100 percent effective
      - No hormonal changes
      - May lower risk for ovarian cancer
    - - Inexpensive
      - Offers best protection from STDs and HIV
      - No added hormones
- - - - Acts as a conduit for urine to leave the body
      - Has erectile and ejaculatory functions
    - - Sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of the penis
      - Contains the testicles as well as many nerves and blood vessels
      - Has a protective function
        
        Acts as a climate control system for the testes for normal sperm development
    - - Produce gametes and secrete hormones
    - - Transports and stores sperm cells that are produced in the testes
      - Brings the sperm to maturity
    - - Transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation
    - - Secrete prostate fluid
      - Muscles help propel seminal fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
    - - Store and produce the majority of the fluid that makes up semen
  - - - Thin walled tube that lies between the bladder and the rectum.
      - Provides a passageway for delivery of an infant and for menstrual flow.
      - Female organ of copulation
    - - Nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus
      - Holding fetus until the baby is mature enough for birth
    - - Transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month.
      - Transport fertilized egg to uterus for implantation
    - - Lower most part of the uterus and is made up of strong muscles
      - Allows flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina
      - Directs sperm into the uterus during intercourse
    - - Produce and releases eggs into the female reproductive tract at the mid-point of each menstrual cycle
      - Produce female hormones estrogen and progesterone
    - - Area of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
      - Secretes pheromones responsible for sexual attraction
    - - Pair of rounded folds of skin and adipose that are part of the external female genitalia
      - Covers and protects the inner more delicate and sensitive structures of the vulva, labia minora, clitoris, urinary orifice, and vaginal orifice
    - - A pair of thin cutaneous folds that form part of the vulva
      - Function as protective structures that surround the clitoris, urinary orifice, and vaginal orifice
    - - Secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal
    - - No functions in reproduction but is the main pleasure center for females during intercourse
  - - - Luteal phase
        
        Days 14-28
        
        Period during which the corpus luteum is active
        
        After ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses and the antrum fills with clotted blood
        
        Coropus hemorrhagicum is eventually absorbed and the remaining granulosa cells enlarge
      - Follicular phase
        
        Period when a cohort of vesicular follicles begins to secrete increasing amounts of estrogens and one of these follicles is selected as the dominant follicle.
        
        Lasts from the first to the 14th day of ovarian cycle, which ovulation typically occurs
        
        Many large vesicular follicles are growing in the ovary during the phase
        
        Rising levels of FSH
  - - - Male condoms
        
        Thin sheath that covers the penis to collect sperm and prevents sperm from entering the woman's vagina
        
        Reduce the risk of STDs if using latex or polyurethane condoms
        
        Lambskin condoms do not prevent STDs
        
        Disposed after a single use
      - Female condoms
        
        Thin flexible plastic pouches
        
        Portion of condom is inserted into a woman's vagina before intercourse
        
        Prevents sperm from entering the uterus
        
        Reduces the risk of STDs
        
        Disposed after a single use
      - Contraceptive sponges
        
        Soft, disposable, spermicide-filled foam sponges
        
        Inserted into the vagina before intercourse
        
        Blocks sperm from entering the uterus and kills the sperm cells
        
        Sponge should be left in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse and removed after 30 hours after intercourse
      - Spermicide
        
        Can kill sperm cells
        
        Can be used alone or with a diaphragm or cervical cap
        
        Comes in the form of jelly, cream, suppository, and film
        
        Should be inserted into vagina close to the uterus no more than 30 minutes prior to intercourse and left in place for 6 to 8 hours after intercourse
        
        Can cause allergic reactions
    - - Copper IUD
        
        Most effective emergency contraception
        
        Can be inserted within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse
        
        Nearly 100% effective at preventing pregnancy
        
        Can cause heavier or longer periods, spotting between periods, and irregular periods
      - Pills
        
        Hormonal pills
        
        Take in either single or two doses 12 hours apart
        
        Intended to use in the event of unprotected intercourse
        
        If taken prior to ovulation, pills can delay or inhibit ovulation for at least 5 days to allow for sperm to become inactive
        
        Thickens cervical mucus and may interfere with sperm function
        
        Not to be used as a regular contraceptive method
        
        Can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, headache, breast tenderness, bleeding between periods or heavier menstrual bleeding, lower abdominal pain or cramps
    - - Injectables, pills, patches, and rings
        
        Injectable birth control involves injection of a progestin.
        
        Injections every 3 months
        
        Can cause loss of bone density
        
        Patients should eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D or take vitamin supplements
        
        Pill must be taken daily
        
        Thickens cervical mucus
        
        Contains a synthetic estrogen and a progestin
        
        Inhibits ovulation
        
        Can cause nausea, weight gain, sore or swollen breasts, spotting between periods, lighter periods, and mood changes
        
        Patch
        
        Thin, plastic patch that sticks to the skin and releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream
        
        Can be placed on the lower abdomen, buttocks, outer arm, or upper body
        
        New patch every 3 weeks
        
        No patch used on 4th week to enable menstruation
        
        Can increased risk of blood-clotting problems, heart attack, stroke, liver cancer, gallbladder disease, and high blood pressure
        
        Ring
        
        Thin, flexible and approximately 2 inches in diameter
        
        Delivers a combo of ethinyl estradiol and a progestin
        
        The ring is inserted into vagina
        
        Continuously releases hormones for 3 weeks
        
        No ring inserted on 4th week and reinserts a new ring after 7 days
        
        Not recommended for women with high blood pressure, heart disease, or certain types of cancer
        
        Can cause a decreased sex drive, headache, mood changes, vaginal irritation or discharge, pain in cervix, menstrual cramps, breast pain or tenderness, acne, weight gain, or stomach pain
    - - Permanent form of birth control
        
        Prevents a woman from getting pregnant or prevents a man from releasing sperm
      - Tubal ligation
        
        Fallopian tubes are either cur, tied, or sealed
        
        Blocks the path between the ovaries and the uterus
        
        Sperm are unable to reach the egg to fertilize it and the egg cannot reach the uterus
      - Vasectomy
        
        Surgical procedure that curs, closes, or blocks the vas deferens
        
        Blocks the path between the testes and urethra
        
        Sperm cannot leave the testes and cannot reach the egg
        
        Can take up to 3 months to be fully effective
        
        Backup method of contraception should be used until tests confirm that there is no sperm in semen
    - - IUD (Intrauterine device)
        
        Hormonal IUD
        
        Releases a progestin hormone(levonorgestrel) into the uterus
        
        Causes thickening of the cervical mucus
        
        Inhibits sperm from reaching or fertilizing the egg
        
        Thins uterine lining
        
        May prevent ovaries from releasing eggs
        
        Copper IUD
        
        Prevents sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg
        
        May prevent the egg from attaching in the womb
        
        If fertilization does occur, the device prevents implanting into the lining of the uterus
        
        Implants
        
        Implantable rods inserted under the skin of a women in the upper arm
        
        Releases progestin and can remain implanted for us to 5 years