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Couple in early 40's wanting to know healthiest contraceptive practice…
Couple in early 40's wanting to know healthiest contraceptive practice with the most effective results
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Unlike most individuals that are seeking Contraceptives this couple has children that are almost grown and out of the house.
They are also in their Early 40's and if they decided to have another child they would need to consider the fact that birth defects such as Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate become more prevalent when the mother is in her 40's and beyond.
This couple has not had a child in many years and has had plenty of time to decide whether or not they would like to have another one. They are more likely to seek out more permanent methods of Birth Control than a Couple or individual in their 20's or 30's
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Background
The reproductive systems for both male and female vary quite a bit but in general have 4 main things in common: Gonads that produce gametes, Sex hormones that affect maturation and development, Accessory Reproductive System Organs that perform functions not directly to production but are still essential, and Copulation(Coitus/Sexual Intercourse) which is the sexual union between male and female that leads to fertilization.
Sexual Maturation in both Male and Female have 3 main hormones that are responsible: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone(GnRH) released by the hypothalamus and initiates puberty, GnRH also stimulates anterior pituitary to release Follicle-Stimulating Hormone(FSH) and Lutenizing Hormone(LH) which stimulate the gonads.
Perineum in both male and female is Diamond-shaped region between the thighs. It is bound anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, laterally by the ischial tuberosities, and posteriorly by the coccyx. It is formed by 2 distinct triangular regions: Urogenital Triangle that is the anterior portion of the perineum, female contains urethral and vaginal openings, male contains the base of the penis and scrotum. Anal triangle is the posterior portion of the perineum where anus is located in both sexes.
Gametogenesis is the process of making gametes(secondary oocytes in females, sperm in males) and is accomplished by meiosis, a specific type of cell division used only for the formation of gametes.
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Changes that occur during Puberty initially: External sex characteristics such as breasts for females and penial growth, Pubic Hair Grows, Reproductive Organs become fully functional, and Gametes mature and secrete sex hormones.
Types of Contreception
IUDs are very effective types of contraception. They are small "T" shaped devices that are placed in the Uterus and depending on the type can be effective as soon as they are placed or up to a week at most. They can last anywhere from 3-10 years depending on which of the 2 types are placed.
The Copper IUD is effective immediately and works as a spermicidal agent killing sperm as it enters the Uterus and lasts for 10 Years.
Hormonal IUDs contain the progestin levonorgestrel that cause the cervical mucus to thicken and the Uterine wall to stay thin thus not allowing sperm to enter or the Egg to be able to Implant.
More Permanently a Male can have a Vasectomy where the Vas Deferens are either cut or blocked not allowing Sperm to get into the Semen thus making the Male Infertile
Condoms are thin rubber sheaths placed over the shaft of the Penis. They are relatively effective and catch the sperm, however they are prone to breaking and thus being worthless.
Similar to a Male Vasectomy a Female can have her tubes "tied" called a tubal ligation in a similar manner where the Fallopian Tubes are cut, tied or blocked so that an Egg cannot travel and become fertilized.
The Birth Control Pill is one of the easiest contraceptives with around 98% protection against pregnancy. They pills are varying formulas of Progesterone and Estrogen to alter the levels in the body and therefore "tricking" the body into thinking it has ovulated when no oocyte has actually been released. The Pills are taken for 3 weeks and on the 4th week placebo pills are taken and the body is triggered into menstruation. These pills are effective but must be taken every single day preferably around the same time of day which can be inconvenient.
Most Permanently a Female can have a Hysterectomy where a surgeon removes the Uterus and sometimes the Fallopian Tubes. The woman will no longer have a Menstrual Cycle, however because the female hormones are innervated by the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes the woman is likely to be put on artificial Hormones.
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The Uterine Cycle aka the Menstrual Cycle are the cyclical changes in the endometrial lining due to the influence of changing levels of progesterone and Estrogen. It typically lasts 28 days but varies from person to person with 3 phases of endometrium development.
The Proliferative phase is from day 6 through 14. A new functional layer develops due to increased estrogen levels being secreted from the Ovarian Follicle
The Secretory phase is from day 14 through 28 that has increased amounts of Progesterone and Estrogen being secreted from the Corpus Luteum. This causes increased vascularization of the functional layer and increased secretion from the glands.
The Menstrual phase is from day 1 through 5 of the cycle when the functional layer is sloughed if fertilization has not occurred; this results in menstrual bleeding aka a Period.