Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 7: Organisation and management - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 7: Organisation and management
Chain of command
structure in an organisation which allows instruction to be passed down from highest level to lowest
Short chain of command
Disadvantages
if subordinates are poorly trained, they could make many mistakes
manager may lose control
Advantages
quicker
less remote from lower level
more accurate
span of control will be wider
workers feel more trusted
delegate more
Long chain of commands
Advantages
managers may be responsible for less employees
able to control over subordinates
Disadvantages
relatively inaccessible
slow communication
Span of control
number of subordinates working directly under a manager
Delegation
Manager
Advantages
Managers are less likely to make mistakes
Easier to measure the success of their staff
Cost less time
Why might a manager not delegate?
Subordinate might do better → insecure feeling
Subordinates may fail
Subordinate
Advantages
Job satisfaction
Career opportunities
Work become more interesting
Effective managers
Benefits for business
motivate employees
give guidance, advice to employees
inspire employees
manage resources,keep cost under control
increase profit
Qualities
Intelligence
Self-confidence
Determination
Initiative
Good communication skills
Enthusiasm
Organisational structure
refers to the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation.
Organisation chart
refers to a diagram that outlines the internal management structure
Advantages
sense of belonging
employees aware of communication channel
who employees should take orders from
aware of their position
Disadvantages
decreased exchange of ideas
loss of flexibility
Level of hierarchy
managers/supervisor/employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation
Hierarchy
refers to the levels of management in an organisation from highest to lowest
Role and function of management
Coordinating
departments
Commanding
and guiding others
Organising
and delegating
Controlling
and assess the works of departments
Planning
for the future
Leadership styles
Democratic leadership
gets other employees involved in the decision-making process
Pros
Better decision – a motivate factor
Cons
Unpopular decisions | ex: making workers redundant
Laissez-faire leadership
make the broad objectives of business known to the employees, they are are left to make their own decision
Pros
Encourage employees to show creativity and responsibilities
Cons
Unlikely to appropriate in some organization | ex: providing customer service
Autocratic leadership
manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
Pros
Quick decision making
Cons
No opportunity for employees put into key decisions
the different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in a position of authority:
autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire
Trade union
Employers
Advantages
Improve communications between workers and management
Wage agreements will be easier to negotiate
Disadvantages
Can organize strike if they don’t receive the pay of levels and conditions they demand
Wages are likely to be higher
Employees
Advantages
Improved benefits for members who are not working (sick, retired, redundant)
Improved job satisfaction
Improve environment, condition of employment
Advice or financial support
Discount in certain shop, provision,...
Often meet government officials to influence policies
More secure when there is a closed shop
Strength in number when negotiating with employers
Disadvantages
Costs money to be a member
Workers may be required to take industrial action even if they don’t agree
a group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected
Closed shop
when all employees must be a member of the same trade union
Management
Directors
senior managers who lead a particular department or division of a business
Line managers
have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation
Supervisors
junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structrure
Staff managers
specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers