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Disability Categories under IDEA, DEFINITION: Development delay is when a…

- - - - Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jUv3gDAM1E
- - - - Sound Amplification System
      - Hear Aids
      - Alternative Communication
      - Environment Consideration
      - Basic Communication (Text with pictures)
      - Assistive Technology Solutions for Students Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
- - - - Depression
      - OCD
      - Social Anxiety
- - - - Sign Language Interpreting.
      - Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART)
      - C-Print - Transcription Services.
      - Assistive Listening Devices (ALD)
      - Note taking.
      - Captioning.
      - Preferred seating
- - - - mediacal conditions
      - galucoma
      - retinopathy of prematurity
      - cataracts
      - retinal detachment
- - - - The combination of disabilities causes severe educational needs that cannot be accommodated by addressing only one of the impairments.
      - More than one category of disability
        
        Intellectual Disability + Deafness
        
        Intellectual Disability + Orthopedic Impairment
        
        Other Health Impaired + Orthopedic Impairment
    - - Typically
        
        Cognitive
        
        Achievement
        
        Adaptive
        
        Motor (OT/PT)
        
        Medical Statement
    - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FTESY7VApo
      - break learning into small steps;
        
        administer probes;
        
        supply regular, quality feedback;
        
        use diagrams, graphics and pictures to augment what they say in words;
        
        provide ample independent, well-designed intensive practice;
        
        model instructional practices that they want students to follow;
        
        provide prompts of strategies to use; and
        
        engage students in process type questions like “How is the strategy working? Where else might you apply it?”
- - - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mskj1JxlzoU
      - Other technologies
        
        1 - Liftware Level Starter Kit for Limited Hand and Arm Mobility: http://amzn.to/2DXHlOM
        
        2 - Sesame | World's First Touch-Free Smartphone: https://goo.gl/An8gyV
        
        3 - Talkitt - This Is My Voice: https://goo.gl/lzRkWE
        
        4 - AXS Map: https://goo.gl/4HMQDy
        
        5 - Dot Watch: https://goo.gl/9axmep
        
        6 - Assist-Mİ: https://goo.gl/nyDnRD
      - canes, walkers, crutches, wheelchairs, specialized exercise equipment, specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development
  - - - Dykinetic - Affects the entire body, causing slow movements
      - Ataxic - Poor coordination, balance and perception
      - Spastic - Largest form of CP, caused by muscle tightness
      - Mixed - A combination of the three above
  - - - Being born with or acquire problems with their bones, their joints, and/or their muscles
      - Problem stemming from deformities, diseases, injuries, or surgeries (loss of a limb, bone, or muscle tissue) Possible Signs and Characteristics.
      - Paralysis, unsteady gait, poor muscle control, loss of a limb, etc. (causes limited mobility)
      - Speech production and the expressive language of the child.
      - Difficulty with large motor skills and fine motor skills
- - - - Accommodations:
        
        Audiotaped, Brailled, or electronically formatted lecture notes, handouts, and texts
        
        Verbal descriptions of visual aids
        
        Raised-line drawings and tactile models of graphic materials
        
        Braille lab signs and equipment labels; auditory lab warning signals
        
        Adaptive lab equipment (e.g., talking thermometers and calculators, light probes, and tactile timers)
        
        Computer with optical character reader, voice output, Braille screen display and printer output
      - Assistive Technologies:
        
        Assistive Technologies:
        
        Enlarging software (e.g. Zoomtext)
        
        Software designed to enlarge what's on a computer screen.
        
        Screen Reader (e.g. Jaws)
        
        A text-to-speech program that reads text aloud.
        
        Tactile access (e.g. refreshable braille)
        
        Refreshable Braille displays are electronic devices which can be hooked up to a computer and display a line of
        
        braille at a time. They do this by raising cells of pins under the surface that a person touches.
      - References: https://www.pathstoliteracy.org/overview-assistive-technology
        https://www.dictionary.com/
        https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-are-typical-accommodations-students-blindness
        https://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/assistive-technology/assistive-technologies.html
        https://www.usf.edu/student-affairs/student-disabilities-services/accommodations/hearing-impaired.aspx
  - - - Sign Language Interpreting
        
        Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART)
        
        C-Print - Transcription Services
        
        Assistive Listening Devices (ALD)
        
        Note taking
        
        Captioning
        
        Preferred seating
    - - Captioning
        
        Real-Time Transcription
        
        Telecommunication
        
        Visual Alerting Devices
- - - - Apraxia of speech is a specific phonological disorder where the student may want to speak but has difficulty planning what to say and the motor movements to use.Hard to understand or as not saying the sounds correctly, Eg:Apraxia
  - - - work with the speech-language pathologist to help the student generalize strategies mastered in speech therapy. - corrective measures, helping with speech and language exercises, and providing the student with immediate feedback when the speech-language pathologist is not present.
    - - both general education teacher and special education teacher should collaborate with the speech-language pathologist for interventions and teaching strategies
    - - Helping children with articulation disorders to learn proper production of speech sounds
      - Helping children who stutter to speak more fluently
      - Assisting children with voice disorders to improve their voice quality
      - Helping individuals with aphasia to relearn speech and language skills
      - Assisting individuals who have difficulty swallowing as a result of illness, surgery, stroke, or injury
      - Evaluating, selecting, and developing augmentative and alternative communication systems
      - Enhancing communication effectiveness
  - - - First Words: uses graphic presentations combined with synthesized speech to teach high-frequency nouns, and is one of many software packages that can help develop both speech and language.
      - Dynavox for speech impairment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g95TO20hnmo
    - - the use of symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques to enhance the communication process. This includes sign language and various communication boards, both manual and electronic, that are used by individuals with impaired oral motor skills.
        
        Non-electronic
        
        Electronic
- - - - Reasoning
        
        Problem Solving
        
        Coexists with strengths
        
        Learning
      - :
    - - ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
        
        Practical Skills
        
        Activities of daily living
        
        Occupational Skills
        
        Health/Hygiene care
        
        Travel & Transport
        
        Schedules & Routines
        
        Safety awareness
        
        Use of devises
        
        Conceptual Skills
        
        Language skills
        
        Time awareness and measurement
        
        Money/Number awareness
        
        Self direction
        
        Social skills
        
        Interpersonal Skills
        
        Social responsibility
        
        Self esteem
        
        Gullibility
        
        Social Problem solving
        
        Following rules/obeying laws and avoiding being victimized
    - - Attention deficits
      - Difficulties with memory
      - Weak academic performance
      - Poor social development
      - Lacking motivation
      - Less goal orientated
    - - Concrete examples
        
        Patience
        
        Break down material
        
        Manipulatives
        
        Engaging resources
      - Teaching Students with ID (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69VwIT_0moQ)
      - ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CThsnREAcf4)
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY4eR2Ntxtc
        
        1. Electronic Worksheets: Students with learning disabilities like dyslexia can use electronic worksheets to complete their assignments. These worksheets help students to line up words, equations and numbers on their assignments. On some of the worksheets, text-to-speech or speech synthesizing technology is even available.
        
        2. Phonetic Spelling Software:For many children with learning disabilities, reading and writing can be a challenge. Phonetic spelling software is designed to automatically convert the student’s typing into the word that they intended to write. For alternative reading options, students can always check out audiobooks. With the audiobook, students can follow along in their text and overcome reading difficulties.
        
        3. Talking Calculators: Students who have dyscalculia can benefit greatly from a talking calculator. The gadget makes it easier to check assignments, read numbers and perform calculations. While the talking calculator is a fairly simple tool, it offers an exceptional benefit for students who would otherwise struggle in math classes. Other than talking calculators, students can also check out text-to-voice devices. They function on the same concept of converting written words into an audible track. Students can use these devices to check their spelling or to improve their reading comprehension skills.
        
        4. Variable Speed Recorders:Everyone has a different learning style, and many students struggle with understanding auditory lectures. For these students, a variable speed recorder is an ideal solution. In essence, the student just has to hit record while they are in class. Afterward, the recording can be slowed down or sped up for the student to listen to it again and again. If the pitch of the recording is hard to understand, students can modify the pitch up or down to make their lectures more accessible.
        
        5. Videotaped Social Skills: Autistic children and other children with learning disabilities may struggle to figure out normal social interactions. In the past, the most common way to learn social interactions was to practice them. Unfortunately, many children inadvertently behaved inappropriately as they tried to learn what defined “normal” social interactions. With videotaped social interactions, students can learn important life skills and social behavior without accidentally offending someone. In addition to interpersonal skills, these videos can work for self-help, linguistic, academic and emotional problems as well.