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Cardiovascular 3 (Path II) - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular 3 (Path II)
Myocarditis
Inflammation of myocardium
Infectious agent:
Viral: Bluetongue disease
Bacteria: Hardware disease
Parasitic: Toxoplasma gondii
Fungi (rare): Coccidioides immitis
Pericarditis
Fibrinous Pericarditis
Gross:
Accumulation of fluid and fibrin within pericardial space
Surface of pericardium and pericardial sac may be slightly opaque
Fibrinous adhesion which can be broken down (torn apart) easily
Micro:
Usually only mild inflammation with fibrin on the surface involving the pericardial sac and epicardium in acute disease processes
variable numbers of neutrophils and macrophage are seen
Purulent or Suppurative Pericarditis
Gross:
Fluid and liquefied inflammatory debris accumulated within the
pericardial sac, usually very malodorous.
bread and butter pericarditis
Micro:
Moderate accumulations of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells on
the surface of the pericardial sac and epicardium.
Fibrous connective tissue present beneath the layer of inflammatory cells.
Constrictive Pericarditis
Chronic inflammatory lesion of pericardium accompanied by
extensive fibrous proliferation and eventual formation of fibrous adhesions
across the pericardial space.
Result in Compensatory myocardial hypertrophy due to interference of cardiac
filling results in eventual congestive heart failure (usually right heart).
Constrictve pericarditis present when a fibrotic, thickened and adherent pericardium restrict diastolic filling of the heart.
Fibrous scarring and thickening of pericardium cause obliteration of the pericardial space.
Endocarditis
Gross:
Proliferative lesions (vegetation) which yellow-red or yellow-gray.
Covered by a thin clot of blood.
The surface is friable, small lesions can be broken off leaving a granular.
Eroded surface on the valve.
Micro:
Bacterial colonies are numerous.
Accumulations of fibrin, neutrophils.
Variable amounts of granulation material
Thrombosis and Embolism
Thrombosis
Formation of solid mass in circulation from constituent of flowing blood.
Main cause of thrombus formation:
Inflammation
Infection
Toxin
Hypercholesterolemia
Embolism
Embolus is a detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass that carried by the blood to a site distant from origin.
Classified into:
Thromboembolism
Fat embolism
Air embolism