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seed plants 1: no flowers (Gymnosperms), very similar, micropyle is…

- - - - identical
        
        mutations
  - - - lignophytes
        
        spermatophytes
        
        seeds
        
        classifications
        
        magnoliophyta
        
        angiosperms
        
        flowering plants
        
        gnetophyta
        
        gymnosperms
        
        naked ovules
        
        cycadophyta
        
        ginkgophyta
        
        cioniferophyta
        
        woody plants
- - - - cycads
      - gymnosperms
      - conifers
    - - xylem
      - phloem
  - - - shrubs to large trees
    - - secondary growth
        
        primary xylem
        
        protostele
  - - - wood
        
        siphnostele
        
        pith surrounded by primary xylem bundles
      - secondary xylem
  - - - surrounded by
        
        integument
        
        pollen chamber
      - large micropyle
        
        hole in
        
        permitted
        
        sperm to swim to egg
- - - - soft
      - not dense
    - - now have a large bundle of vascular tissue #
- - - - simple needles
        
        perennial
      - scales
    - - simple
    - - long shoots
      - short shoot
        
        in axis of
    - - pollen
        
        simple
        
        sperm #
      - seed
        
        compound
        
        shoot
        
        aucillary buds
        
        ovuliferous scales
        
        egg
        
        suspensor
        
        pushes deep into
        
        megagametophyte
        
        zygote
        
        proembryo
        
        embryo
- - - - do not bear ovules
    - - seed
      - pollen
- - - - similar to dicots
  - - - compound
        
        bracts
    - - contain extra layer of tissue
        
        around ovule