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THE POST-MEDIA ERA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Direct Method was enthusiastically embraced as an improvement over Grammar Translation
        
        AudiolingualMethod, such as the Silent Way, Total Physical Response, and suggestopedia
        
        While these had declined
        
        Task-Based Instruction, Neurolinguistic Programming and Multiple Intelligences
        
        These attract varying levels of support
        
        Communicative Language Teaching as the recommended basis for language teaching methodology.
        
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- - - - Is to understand the method and apply its principles correctly.
- - - - Including the cultural context
      - For example, CLT was develop (Britain and United States and other English-speaking countries)
        
        Have sometimes been described as "cultural emperialism"
        
        Because the assumptions and practices implicit in CLT are viewed as "correct"
- - - - Much of such research does not support the often simplistic theories and prescriptions found in some approaches and methods
- - - - Teaching activities labels assigned to teaching are, in themselves, not informative, because they refer to a pool of classroom practices which are used uniformly
- - - - Approaches and methods can therefore be usefully studied and selectively mastered in order:
        
        To learn how to use different approaches and methods
        
        To undestand some of the issues and controversies
        
        To participate in language learning experiences approaches and methods
        
        To be aware of the rich set of activity resources
        
        To appreciated how theory and practice can be linked from different perspectives
        
        Teachers and teachers in training need to be able to use aproaches and methods flexibly and creatively based on their own judgment and experience
        
        Training in the techniques and procedures of a specific method is probably essential for novice teachers entering teaching
        
        In developing a personal approach to teaching a primary reference point for the teacher is his or her personal beliefs and principles with regard to the following:
        
        His or her role
        
        The nature of effective
        
        The difficulties learners
        
        The structure of an effective lesson
        
        All classroom practices reflect teachers' principles and beliefs, and different belief systmes among teachers can often explain why teachers conduct their classes in different ways
- - - - The initiatives for changing programs and pedagogy may come from within the profession.
        
        From teachers, administrators, theoreticians and reaserachers
    - - Goverment policy directives
      - Trends in the profession
      - Guru-led innovation
      - Responses to technology
      - Influences from academic disciplines
      - Research influences
      - Learner-based innovation
      - Grossover educational trends
      - Grossovers from another disciplines
      - Despited changes in the status of approaches and methods, we can there expect the field of secondlanguage teaching in the 21century to be no less a ferment of theories, ideas, and practices than has been in the past