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T4 : COMPUTER AND COMMUNITY - Coggle Diagram
T4 : COMPUTER AND COMMUNITY
4.1 Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace
1. Freedom of speech
is
The political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas via speech
The right to speak without censorship or restraint by the government.
2. FOS in Malaysia
The Sedition Act 1948
The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984
Article 10 Of The Constitution Of Malaysia
4.2 Changing Communications Paradigms
3. Regulation of Communication media
Print Media
Censorship is applied to control media content to avoid unnecessary disturbance
Broadcasting
Do not produce unsuitable show like sexually oriented talk show
Common Carrier
Must make their service available to everyone
No control over content
Provide a medium of communication
2. General Principles
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression
Anyone affected, by a restriction on freedom of expression must be able to challenge the validity of that restriction as a matter of constitutional
Everyone has the right to hold opinions without interference
1. Definition
- A pattern or model that allows people to communicate to another person in order to give information about people needs and desires.
4.3 Censorship in Cyberspace
1. Laws
The Communications Decency Act - Protect children by reducing access to adult materials
Child Online Protection Act (COPA) - Need proof of age from site visitors
2. Alternatives
Keep track of member’s activities
Expelling subscribers who post material banned by law
Removing offensive material
3. Global Impact Of Censorship
Block everything instead of one single thing
Proxy to access blocked site
Illegal content is accessible in other country
4. Anonymity
Purpose - Hide certain information, protect the privacy of people and protection of the freedom of expression
Definition - Quality or state of being anonymous
5. Net Neutrality
Principle that supports no restrictions by Internet service providers or governments on consumers' access to networks that participate in the Internet
Prevent restrictions on content, sites, platforms, types of equipment that may be attached, and modes of communication
6. Deregulation
- Act or process of removing or reducing state regulations
7. Privatization
- Process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, public service or public property from the public sector (a government) to the private sector, either to a business that operate for a profit or to a non-profit organization
4.4 Computers and Community
2. Uses of Computer and Internet
Provide convenient and cheap ways for families and friends to stay connected
Internet also created ‘virtual community’
It is human nature to form associations based on common interests
4.5 The Digital Divide
Focus on bridging the gap between developed and poor countries
To reduce the Digital Divide, (CPSR) set a minimum requirement
Training must be available
Hardware and software must be easy to use and fit the needs of all users including the disabled
Everyone in the country must have access to the Net
The gap between those individuals and communities that have, and those who do not have, access to the information technologies that are changing our lives rapidly