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Week 1: Overview of Food Ingredients - Coggle Diagram
Week 1: Overview of Food Ingredients
Food addictives
: Any substance the intended use of which results or may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in its becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any food :check:
General purpose of additives :check:
Quality / Processing Properties
Leavening
Extend shelf life
Control pH
Humectant
Anticaking agents
Nutrition
Reduce calories
Reduce fat
Reduce sugar
Improve nutrition
Consumer
Eye appeal
Aroma
Texture
Taste
Uses :check:
To maintain or improve safety and freshness
Preservatives to slow product spoilage caused by mold, air, bacteria, fungi or yeast
Prevent food poisoning, off-flavours, potential toxic by products and nutritional deficiencies
Increase shelf life of products
To improve or maintain nutritional value: By adding vitamins & minerals
Reasons
To make up for those lack in a person’s diet
To replace what was loss in processing
To enhance nutritional quality of food
3 ways
Fortification – nutrients added are not normally found in foods e.g. vitamin D to milk
Enrichment – nutrients added amount is higher than normally present
Restoration – nutrient loss during processing is added back
Improve taste, texture and appearance
Facilitate processing (E.g. emulsifiers added to bread for better dough handling)
Types :check:
Stabilisers and Thickeners, Binders, Texturisers
Preservatives
Fat Replacers
Emulsifiers
Flavours and Spices
Colour Additives
Sweeteners
Leavening Agents
5 Broad classification of food additives as named in the FD&C
:check:
Unavoidable contaminants
Colour additives
Pesticide residue
Prohibited substances
GRAS
Safety
Toxicity: potential to cause harm
determined by :
Animal testing or In-vitro (test tube) testing using human cells
4 Areas to be evaluated
Analysis: Can be measured by recognized methods
No deception: No obscuring the use of low quality ingredients or poor manufacturing practices
Nutritive value: Does not substantially reduce
Performance: Is useful