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Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System
Major Functions of the Reproductive System
Male
Functions to produce and disseminate large quantity of male gametes
Female
Functions in production of female gamete (ovum or egg) & preparation for support of developing embryo during pregnancy
Anatomy of the Male & Female Reproductive System
Male
Primary sex organs
Gonads (testes), sperm, spermatogenesis, coverings of testes
Accessory sex organs
Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Urethra, Semen, Seminal Vesicle, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland, Scrotum, Penis
Female
Primary Sex organs
Ovaries, support for ovaries, oogenesis
Accessory Sex Organs
Uterine/ Fallopian tube, Uterus, Support for Uterus, Walls of Uterus, Vagina, External Genitalia (Vulva), Labia, Mons Pubis, Vestibule, Clitoris, Mammary Glands
Hormones
Female
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone- Released by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH & FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone- stimulates the development & maturation of primary follicle into secondary follicle
Luteinizing Hormone- spike of hormone will trigger ovulation of the most mature follicle (only one)
LH & FSH- released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
Inhibin- decrease release of FSH by anterior pituitary gland
Estrogen- primary female sex hormone released by follicle
Progesteron- triggers suppression of the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH
Male
LH & FSH- released by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
Gonadotropin releasing hormone- releasing by hypothalamus in the brain to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release
Follicle Stimulating Hormone- at puberty stimulates Sertoli cells for sperm production & maturation
Testosterone- stimulates reproductive organ development & sex drive
Leutinizing hormone- stimulates seminiferous tubes to secrete testosterone
Inhibin- released by the testes when high levels of testosterone are present to release stimulate hypothalamus to release gonadotropin inhibiting hormone to stop production of LH & FSH
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycle
Ovarian Cycle
Ovulation
Triggered by sudden spike increase in LH caused by steady rise in estrogen stimulating the pituitary gland
Graafian follicle releases the oocyte
Day 14
Slight rise in progesterone just before ovulation causes basal body temperature to rise about 0.4-0.6 F
Luteal Phase
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen, & inhinin which suppresses FSH
In the absence of pregnancy corpus luteum becomes corpus abicans causing the decrease in progesterone & estrogen
When follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus Lutetium
If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone & estrogen
Day 15-28
Follicular Phase
FSH causes follicular cells develop into primary follicle
Follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
Extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
Only 1 follicle becomes Graafian follicle
Day 1-14
Uterine/ Menstrual Cycle
Proliferative Phase
Estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium, causing it to double in thickness
Thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg tube caught to cause implantation
Day 6-14
Secretory Phase
In response to high levels of progesterone by the corpus lutetium, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
Uterine glands enlarge & secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
Day 15-28
Progesterone levels decrease following decline in LH, leading into menstrual cycle
If pregnancy does not occur toward the end of the phase, LH levels decrease due to high levels of progesterone
Menstruation
Day 1-5
Decline of estrogen & progesterone causes the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic & die, & are sloughed off or shed
Bleeding lasts for 3-5 days