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Vascular Plants Without Seeds - Coggle Diagram
Vascular Plants Without Seeds
Concepts
All extant plants
Have a dibiontic life cycle
Some algae
Monobiontic
Only one multicellular generation
Interpolation hypothesis
Small sporophyte came into existence
Zygote germinated mitotically
Transformation theory
Gametophye and sopophyte became larger
Early Vascular Plants
Rhyniophytes
Earliest fossils
Vascular land plants
Upright stems, no leaves
Equal dichotomous branching
Branches equal size and vigor
Homosporous
Xylem Structure of Early Vascular Plants
Types of xylem organization
In both, center is solid xylem with no pith
Protostele
Endarch protostele
Exarch protostele
Siphonostele
Pith in center
Ferns and seed plants
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Zosterophyllophytes
Herbs without secondary growth
Sporangia lateral
Sporangia opened transversely
Enations
Increased photosynthetic surface area
The Microphyll Line of Evolution: Lycophytes
Morphology
Enations larger, up to 4cm long
Single trace of vascular tissue
Microphylls
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Evolution of true roots
Allows to grow big
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Heterospory
Cones or strobili
Clustered together
Extant Genera
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Common in forests
Selaginellas
Small flap of tissue
Ligule
The Megaphyll Line of Evolution: Euphyllophytes
Trimerophytes
Overtopping
One stem is more vigorous
Unequal branching
Pseudomonopodial branching
Single main branch
Origin of Megaphylls (Euphylls)
Leaves on gametophytes
Enations/microphylls of zosterophyllophytes
Megaphylls
Telome theory
Ultimate twigs
Monilophytes
Roots have exarch xylem
Megaphylls
30-kilobase inversion
Equisetophytes
Extant species
Horsetails or scouting rushes
Ferns
Leptosporangiate ferns
