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Soap & Cleanser - Coggle Diagram
Soap & Cleanser
Facial Cleanser
coconut oil
10 - 30%
Liquid soap
30%
Gel
add propylene glycol/glycerin to prevent gelation
add methyl cellulose/PEG120 glucoside diolete to increase viscosity (only for short chain FA)
add glycerin/sugar/ethanol to make it transparent
Fatty acid
Sodium salt of long chain saturated FA
solid soap
Palmitic acid
myristic acid
butyric acid
Potassium salt of short chain unsaturated FA (> 18 carbon atom)
creamy/liquid soap
alpha linolelic acid
arachidonic acid
docosahexanoic acid
oleic acid (special)
paste and transparent viscous liquid
Sources of Soil
water soluble
make up residue
Insoluble
dead cellular matter/makeup pigment
Oil soluble
sebum/moisturizer residue
Soap Making
Fats + Oil, heated 40 -50oC
Opaque (mixed for 15 mins
fragrance/essensial oil/other
pour into mould (greased w/ petroleum jelly)
cool for 3/4 weeks
drying
Mechanical Kneading
Bath soap (low moisture content)
Mold drying
Facial soap
NaOH + H20
Chelating agent
FA + P/Mg(in h20) + metal FA (soap scum)
Soap scum will reduce capacity of soap
EDTA/citric acid or combination
Cold cream cleanser(W/O)
remove makeup
not rinsable, retain moisture
Super fatted bar soap
greater cleansing properties
less skin damage
Toilet soap
saponification
80% tallow (hard fat) + 20% coconut oil + NaOH
extract by salting out w/ saline solution
drying
= Sodium Palmitate (Soap) + glycerol
Anhydrous oily cleanser
oleophilic group
82% (mineral oil/petroleum jelly/vegetable oil/ester)
not readily washable
remove waterproof makeup
Cleansing milk (O/W)
emulsifier
triethanolamine
sodium cocoyl isothionate
ionic/anionic