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Heat - Coggle Diagram
Heat
Evaporation is the transition to gas state from liquid. However it only occurs on the top molecules of the surface. IT happens over a range of temperatures. The surface molecules are able to gain enough energy to break free from the intermolecular forces and turn into a gas. Boiling is the same but it happens throughout the liquid, therefore it happens at a fixed temperature.
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The surface the liquid is placed on. If it is placed on metal it will evaporate faster compared to when it is placed on concrete. Since metal is a good conductor of heat, it also provides heat to the liquid, making it evaporate faster.
Weather the liquid is placed in shade or in an open environment. There is more direct sunlight in an open environment, providing more energy to the liquid through radiation. Therefore it evaporates faster.
Surface area is another factors that affects evaporation. This is because the nuber of surface molecules is more for a given volume of liquid, making the process faster.
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Change of state
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As the ice heats up, the temperature remains the same as the phase changes. The molecules begin to move faster and further away from each other until the ice turns into a liquid.
LIQUID: The water molecules are still close together but they can slide over each other and move around.
As the temperature increases, the water molecules begin to move faster and further apart.
GAS: As the liquid heats up to 100C the temperature stops changing as the molecules move faster and further away from each other.
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Measured using a thermometer. Thermometers contains thermometric fluid. eg: Hg, CH3CH2OH
Two types of scales to measure: degree scale, eg: C and F (defined in such a way that they depend on the melting and boiling point of water).
absolute temperature scale, eg: K (it is independent of any substance in the way it is defined)
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37˚C/ 98.6˚F is normal body temperature.
25˚C/ 77˚F is room temperature.
-40˚ is the temperature at which both C and F scales have the same reading.
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(C - LFP)/ UFP = (F - LFP)/UFP
where UFP is the boiling point of water in each scale and LFP is the melting point of ice in each scale