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BACH: LUTHERAN KEYBOARD CRAFTSMANSHIP, BACH ORGAN MUSIC IN THE EARLY 18TH:…
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BACH HARPSICHORD MUSIC
Suites: French, Italian, and German influence. Wrote 3 sets of 6. Each suite has four standard movements: allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue with additional short movements after the sarabande to transition to gigue
Well-Tempered Clavier, 2 books 1722 and 1740. Each has 24 pairs of prelude and fugues. one in each major and minor key. chromatic order from C to B. displayed possibility of all keys on an equal temperament instrument. teaching pieces. NAWM 104.
Goldberg Variations, 1741: raised the keyboard variation genre to a new level of artfulness.
Musical Offering: 3 and 6 part ricercare/fugue and 10 canons for Frederick of Prussia, think youtube video of meeting from 1747
Bach, NAWM 102, (organ) Prelude and Fugue in A minor from 1715
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virtuosic passage work, confirm tonic, goes through harmonies before returning to tonic
Buxtehude influence: pedal points, pedal solos, dialogue with pedal and upper voices. passages of fugal imitation
Vivaldi's influence: violinistic figures, contrasting textures, sequences, circle of fifths, clear tonal structure, return of opening material in new keys
Fugue: violinistic figuration. form is similar to fast movements of Vivaldi. the subject served function of a ritornello! opening exposition states subject in tonic or dominant, following episodes move in sequence or circle of fifths. subject enters in different keys.
Bach, NAWM 104, Prelude and Fugue in E flat/D#, BWV 853 from 1722 (book 1, pair 8)
Adapted from other pieces. D# transposed from D minor. shows capacity of new equal temperament instruments to key signatures with 4+ sharps or flats (6 in this case)
Used to teach students, function as etudes that show keyboard performance and compositional practices. This one is similar to a concerto slow movement.
Fugues show different styles of fugal writing. old, up to date, OR this No.8 book 1 (this one) showing Bach's technique featuring inversion, augmentation, and stretto (overlappting entrances)
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J.S BACH
Lived from 1685 to 1750. Virtuoso organist and keyboardist, violin, every genre but opera lol. from musical family. learned composition on his own. Latin school for theology and humanities. Studied at Luneburg (north germany 1700), encountered Bohm and French style. Health problems lead to death, wife and children died in poverty:( compositions marked as BWV
Career: Thuringia-church organist 1703-08. Weimar (central)- organist and concertmaster for due 08-17. Cothen- Kapellmeister (music director) for Prince Leopold of Anhalt 17-23. Leipzig- cantor and civic music director 23-53.