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Essential Nutrients - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Some vegetable oils such as soybean, rapeseed, flaxseed; and in brussels sprouts, kale, spinach, walnuts
      - Controlling blood clotting
      - Building cell membranes in the brain
    - - Safflower, corn, cottonseed, soybean oils
      - Lowers LDL Cholestrol
      - Reduce inflammation
      - Protective against heart disease
    - - Plague buildup within the coronary arteries (supply blood with oxygen to the heart)
      - High intake of saturated fatty acids
      - Saturated fatty acids combined with cholesterol may lead to atherosclerotic plaques which can mix with blood to form blood clots
        
        Hypertension
        
        Heart attack
  - - - Arginine
        
        Required in the diet of infants
      - Synthesized under some conditions
      - Tyrosine
        
        Synthesized by the human body when phenylalanine is present in the diet
    - - Methionine
      - Leucine
      - Tryptophan
      - Isoleucine
      - Threonine
      - Lysine
      - Valine
      - Histidine
      - Phenylalanine
    - - If one essential amino acid is missing from the diet certain proteins can't be synthesized
      - Protein Deficiency
        
        Oedema - Fluid retention in tissues
        
        Swollen abdominal area
    - - Body composition
      - Growth and development
      - Appetite
      - Energy substrates
      - pH balance
      - Immunity and health
      - Protein synthesis
      - Osmoregulation
      - RNA and DNA synthesis
      - Protein degradation
      - Endocrine status
      - Metabolic regulation
      - Reproduction
      - Lactation
      - Stress response
      - Behavior
- - - - Formation of bones and teeth
    - - Muscle contraction
    - - Propagation of the nerve impulse
    - - Iodine I
        
        Synthesis of thyroid hormones
        
        Increase basal metabolic rate
        
        Affect protein synthesis
        
        Regulate long bone growth (in combination with growth hormone
        
        Maturation of neurones
        
        Deficiency
        
        Goitre
        
        Severe retardation in children
      - 11 others
      - Iron Fe
        
        Central atom in heme group
        
        Essential for function of heamoglobin
  - - - Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
        
        Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas
      - Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
        
        Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green vegetables
      - Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
        
        Meat, broccoli, avocados
      - Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
        
        Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts
        
        Pellagra
        
        Inflamed skin, diarrhea, sores in mouth, and extreme cases dementia
      - Vitamin B9 (Folic acid)
        
        Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver
      - Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
        
        Dairy products, bananas, green beans, asparagus
      - Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
        
        Meat and other animal products
        
        Anaemia
        
        Reduced number of red blood cells
      - Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
        
        Oatmeal. brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs
        
        Thiamine deficiency (beriberi)
        
        Affects heart and circulatory system, extreme cases causes heart failure
      - Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
        
        Citrus fruits and some other, vegetables, liver
        
        Scurvy
        
        Bleeding gums and bruising among other mild symptoms
    - - Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2))
        
        Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms
        
        Needed for absorption of calcium in the digestive system
        
        Osteomalacia (milder condition in adults), Rickets (severe condition in children)
        
        Maintains skeletal calcium and phosphate balance levels for bone formation
        
        Promotes calcium absorption in the intestine
      - Vitamin E (Tocopherols)
        
        Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds
      - Vitamin A (Retinol)
        
        Liver, leafy vegetables, carrots, fish, soya milk, milk
      - Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
        
        Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks, liver
- - - - Amino acids and energy produced from muscle tissue and lipids