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Contraceptive consultation - Coggle Diagram
Contraceptive consultation
Background
Cycles
Ovarian
Ovulation
Day 14
release of a secondary oocyte from a mature follicle
surge in LH
Luteal Phase
remaining ovarian follicular cells form a corpus luteum
produces progesterone and estrogen
days 15-28
Follicular phase
Days 1-13
Inc. GnRH stim. ant. pit. to inc. production of FSH and LH
Primordial follicles in the ovary mature into primary follicles (days 1-5
small number of primary follicles form secondary follicles (days 6-13)
controlled by estrogen and progesterone
Uterine
Menstrual
days 1-5
Sloughing of the uterine lining
dec. levels of estrogen and progesterone
Proliferative (preovulatory)
lining of endometrium begins to reform
increased estrogen
days 5-13
Secretory (postovulatory)
progesterone & estrogen from corpus luteum stimulate further thickening of the endometrium
days 15-28
Contraceptives
effective
Combined pill (estrogen/progesterone)
Minipill (progestin only)
prevent ovulation
lighter menstrual flow
ovulation may occur if pill is missed
nausea
mood changes
prevent ovulation
lighter menstrual flow
ovulation may occur if pill is missed
possible weight gain
less effective
condoms
diaphragm
female condoms
withdrawal
natural family planning
done by tracking your ovarian cycles
difficult to do, may end up pregnant
done by the man pulling out before ejaculation
likely to result in pregnancy due to pre-ejaculate
placed on vagina prior to intercourse
may cause irritation, does not fit well, likely discomfort
caps placed over the cervix, often lined with spermicide.
difficult to insert, improper placement will result in pregnancy
may tear
may fall off
meant to be placed snugly over the penis
Most effective
Male Sterilization
Female sterilization
implants (Norplant & norplant-2)
IUD-copper T
IUD- progesterone T
effective for 3-5 years
prevents fertilization
same effects as above
effective for 10 years
prevents fertilization
may cause irregular bleeding
lighter shorter period or no period
tubul ligation
uterine tubes are cut and ends are tied off to prevent sperm entry
pain
damage to bowel or bladder
failure is still possible
vasectomy
bleeding with scrotum
pain or discomfort
reversal
Anatomy
Female
Ovaries
Uterine Tube (Fallopian tube)
Vagina
External Genitalia
Mammary Glands
suspensory ligament
1 more item...
adipose tissue
1 more item...
areola
1 more item...
nipple
1 more item...
lactiferous duct
1 more item...
lobule
1 more item...
clitoris
stimulation
labia majora and minora
protection and stimulation
mons pubis
secrete pheromones for sexual attraction
urethral orifice
urethral opening
vaginal orifice
opening for sexual intercourse
vestibule
contains urethral opening
vulva
all external female repro. organs
where sperm is deposited
Infundbulum
catches and transports eggs
fimbriae
carries oocytes during ovulation
ampulla
site of fertilization
Ovarian ligaments
connect ovary to uterus
Primary follicles
tightly packed follicle around an oocyte
secondary follicles
later stage, holds oocyte
vesicular follicles
left behind when oocyte leaves
corpus luteum
make progesterone and estrogen
Male
Testis
Scrotum
Ducts
Accessory Glands
Penis
Prepuce
1 more item...
glans penis
1 more item...
urethra
1 more item...
corpus cavernosum
1 more item...
corpus spongiosum
1 more item...
Seminal vesicles
Produce fluid that adds to ejaculation, alkaline substance, 60% of semen
Prostate gland
Contribute to ejaculate in adding sugar
Bulbourethral gland
Make fluid to counteract acidity of urethra
Epididymis
storage and maturation of sperm
Ductus (vas) deferens
transport sperm to ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct
shoot out semen
carry and form seminal fluid to be ejaculated
cremaster muscles
contract and relax to control testes temperature
Dartos muscle
contract and relax to control testes temperature
holds/ surrounds the testes
Primary spermatocytes
Become secondary spermatocytes through meiosis I
Secondary spermatocytes
undergo meiosis II to form spermatids
Spermatogonia
sperm stem cell that divides mitotically
Spermatids
differentiate into sperm
Sustentacular cells
Produce inhibin
Rete testes
transfer sperm to efferent ductules
Seminiferous tubules
hold interstitial & sustentacular cells
Tunica albuginea
traps blood in corpora cavernosa
Interstitial cells
Produce testosterone
produces gametes and sex hormones
Couple wants good contraception
in their early 40s
do not want more children
do not want birth control
Best options
tubal ligation
permanent solution, ideal if no more children are wanted
uterine tubes are cut then tied off preventing any sperm from reaching any oocyte and any oocyte from reaching the uterus
IUD copper-T
can last up to 10 years
is implanted then forgotten until time to remove or replace
Vasectomy
permanent
each ductus deferns is cut and the ends are tied off.
ejaculate still possible, just no sperm
worst options
natural family planning
it is difficult to properly track a woman's cycle due to the wide array of cycles per each woman
ovulation may occur unexpectedly
sperm can survive within the cervix for 3-5 days and ovulation may occur during that time
withdrawal
pre-ejaculate may have enough sperm to cause pregnancy
men may have difficulty timing the ejaculate well
failure rate of ~19%
cervical cap
much less effective after previous births due to widened cervix
difficult to properly insert
improper insertion may lead to pregnancy
~40% of the time pregnancy occurs with this method