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Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Biosphere - Coggle Diagram
Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Biosphere
Types of Animal Behavior
Trial and Error
- teaching crows how to put coins into vending machines resulting in receiving food
Habituation
- prairie dog "scream" when eagles are in view
Associative Learning
- dogs associating ringing bell with eating
Imprinting
- geese following mother around until they're older
Observational Learning
- learning from organisms around environment
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Insight
- animals adapt experiences based upon previous experiences
Instincts
- baby grabbing finger if you put it in its reach
Biomes
Terrestrial
Chaparral
- Spain, Chile, France
- seasonal rainfall
- cool fall, winter, and springs
- deer, goats. birds
Temperate Grassland
- South Africa, Hungary, Russia
- highly seasonal precipitation
- cold winters, average temp summers
- bison, wild horses
Savanna
- equatorial regions
- seasonal rainfall 30-50 cm
- warm year round
- zebras, lions, hyenas
Northern Coniferous Forest
- Northern America
- precipitation 30 to 70 cm annually
- cold winters, hot summers
- moose, brown bears, tigers
Desert
- near north/south latitudes
- low precipitation, less than 30 cm
- 50 degrees Celsius
- snakes, lizards, scorpions, beetles
Temperate Broadleaf Forest
- Northern Hemisphere
- precipitation 70 to 200 cm annually
- winters: 0 degrees Celsius. hot and humid summers
- birds, insects
Tropical Forest
- equatorial regions
- constant rainfall 200-400 cm
- high temp
- spiders,arthropods, insects
Tundra
- areas across the Arctic
- precipitation 20 to 60 cm annually
- cold winters, summers: 10 degrees Celsius
Aquatic
Steams and Rivers
- prominent speed and volume, head water streams are generally cold, swift,clear, vertical zones
- salt and nutrient content increases from headwaters to the mouth
Estuaries
- transition area between river and sea
- salinity varies with eastuaries, salinity varies with rise and fall of tides
Interidal Zones
- submerged and exposed by tides, upper zones experience longer exposure
- high oxygen and nutrient levels
Oceanic Pelagic Zone
- vast realm of open blue water
- high oxygen levels, and low nutrient levels because of being thermally stratified
Lakes
- wide range bodies of water, temperature lakes have thermocline
- oxygen concentration, Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient poor, Eutrophic lakes are depleted of oxygen and nutrient rich
Coral Reefs
- formed from calcium carbonate skeletons of corals, live photic zone
- require high oxygen levels and excluded by high inputs of fresh water and nutrients
Marine Benthic Zone
- consists of the seafloor , receives no sunlight
- oxygen is usually present at sufficient
Wetlands
- habitat that is inundated by water
- water and soils are periodically low in dissolved oxygen
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Ecology
Exponential Population Growth: organisms having abundant food supply and are able to produce at physiological capacity
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Population Change
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Density Dependent: death rate increasing with population or birthrate decreasing with rising density
Human Population Rate
- population has grown faster than exponential growth
- human population increased rapidly after the Industrial Revolution
- population rates in Canada, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom will eventually decline since those countries are below the replacement level
- birth rates in China, Africa have decreased
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