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reproduction - Coggle Diagram

- - - - With continuing hormonal stimulation, the first meiotic division is completed and a Graafian follicle develops. In this process, the primary oocyte becomes a secondary oocyte (2N) and the first polar body is formed. In this follicle, the oocyte is surrounded by the zona pellucida and a group of cells known as the corona radiata , which is derived from the cumulus oophorus. The follicle has a large fluid-filled antrum and is enveloped by follicular cells comprising the zona granulosa, as well as internal and external theca cells.
      - Upon ovulation, the Graafian follicle bursts and the ovum , composed of the oocyte, zona pellucida, and corona radiata is expelled into the peritoneal cavity near the oviduct. The second meiotic division and formation of the second polar body does not occur until fertilization.
      - Corpus Luteum
        
        If fertilization does not take place, luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary ceases and the corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans , a fibrous tissue mass with macrophage infiltration.
        If fertilization and implantation do take place, hCG from the placenta rescues the corpus luteum, which becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy . It continues to produce estrogen and progesterone as the placenta prepares to take on this role.
    - - epididymus- "learn to swim" zone. where sperm are stored
      - FSH - secretes androgen binding protien so testes hold ontp testoserone to develop sperm and keeps testosterone levels high
      - testosterone- spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics
      - testosterone released by lydig cells in presence of LH
      - inhibin stops release of FSH
      - seminal vesicels- fructose (energy for cell resp)
      - prostate gland- thick substance to propel sperm ; PSA will liqify in cervix levels can help detect prostate cancer
      - 60% seminal vesicles
      - bulbourethral glads - 5%
  - - - Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
      - Uterus (womb): The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
      - Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus.
      - Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as pathways for the ova
      - Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males.
      - Bartholin’s glands: These glands are located next to the vaginal opening on each side and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
    - - Penis — The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root, which attaches to the wall of the abdomen; the body, or shaft; and the glans, which is the cone-shaped end of the penis.
      - Scrotum — The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and blood vessels.
      - Testicles (testes) — The testes are oval organs about the size of very large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord
      - Epididymis — The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It functions in the carrying and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the testes.
      - Vas deferens — The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
      - Ejaculatory ducts — These are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.
      - Urethra — The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional function of expelling
- - - - combined pill is estrogen and progesterone