Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Female
40 years
Married - Coggle Diagram
Female Reproductive System
- Ovaries
- Uterus
- Uterine Tubes
- Vagina
- External Genitalia
- Mammary Gland
- Ovaries => The cortex contains connective tissue ovarian follicles and the medulla is composed of areollar connective tissue and branches of lymph vessel, blood vessels and nerve vessels
- Ovarian Follicles= consists of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells ( or granulosa cell) which supports the oocyte
- Uterus => Implantantion of the pre-embryo on the uterine wall
=> Supports, Protects and Nourishes the developing embryo/fetus, by creating a vascular connection that later will become the placenta
=> Ejects the fetus at birth
=> When there is no fertilization, the uterus contract and shed its wall at menstruation.
- Uterine Tubes => Transport ovulated oocyte to the uterus
=>Site of fertilization of an oocyte
- Vagina=> Connects the uterus with the outside of the body and also serves as birth canal
=> Copulatory organ of the female, and receives the penis during intercourse
=>Serves as a passageway for menstruation
- External Genitalia=> Protection of the female reproductive organs.
=> Labia majora = contains sebaceous, and sweat glands as well as pubic hair
=> Labia Minora = Sebaceous glands located within these folds and numerous melanocytes, which enhances pigmentation of these folds
- Mammary Glands=> It secretes breast milk and it contains proteins, fats and lactose sugar to provide nutrition for infants
Male Reproductive System
- Testes
- Scrotum
- Vas Deferens
- Epididymus
- Seminal Vesicle
- Ejaculatory Duct
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral Grand
- Urethra
- Penis
- Scrotum => Skin covered sac between the thighs, provides a cooler environment for normal sperm development and maturation
- Testes=> They are small, oval organs housed within the scrotum.
=> Produce sperm and androgens hormones, testosterone being the most common of them
- Epididymus=> Stores sperm until they are fully matured and capable of being motile
- Vas Deferens=> When sperm leave the epididymus during ejaculation, it is done so by this duct.
=> Extends through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity, then it extends inferiorly and terminates close to where the bladder and the prostate meet
=> Unites with the proximal region of the seminal vesicle to form the terminal portion of the reproductive duct system called the ejaculatory duct
- Ejaculatory Duct => Conducts sperm (from ductus deferens) and a componen tof seminal fluid (from seminal vesicle) into the prostratic urethra
- Urethra=> Transports semen from both ejaculatory ducts to the outside of the body
- Prostate Gland => Secretes a slightly milky fluid that is weakly acidic and rich in citric acid, seminalplasmin and prostate-specific-antigen (PSA)
- Seminal Vesicle=> Secretes a viscous , whitish-yellow, alkaline fluid containing both fructose and high levels of prostaglandins
- Bulbourethral Gland=> produces a clear, vicous mucus, which coats and lubricates the urethra for the passage of sperm during sexual intercourse
- Penis=> Together with the scrotum it forms the male external genitalia.
=> Male organ of copulation
Ovarian Cycle
- Follicular Phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal Phase
Follicular Phase
- Occurs during days 1-13 of an aproximate 28 day ovarian cycle
- Molecular signals from the oocyte and follicle cells stimulate up to 20 primordial follicles to develop into primary follicles
- A few primary follicles develops into secondary follicles
- Only one secondary follicle develop into an antral follicle
- End of the follicular phase= Antral follicle develops into a mature follicle
Ovulation
- Day 14 of the 28 day cycle
- Release of the secondary oocyte from the mature follicle into uterine tubes.
- Ovulation is induced only when there is a peak in LH secretion
Luteal Phase
- Occurs during day 15-28 of the cycle
- Remaining follicle cells in the ruptured mature follicle, becomes corpus luteum
- The corpus luteum has a life spam of 10 to 13 days if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized
- If not fertilized, after this time corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans
Uterine Cycle
- Menstrual Phase
- Proliferative Phase
- Secretory Phase
Menstrual Phase
- Occurs during days 1-5 of the cycle
- Sloughing of the functional layer of endometrium
Proliferative Phase
- Days 6-14
- Initial development of the new functional layer of the endometrium
- Overlaps the time of follicle growth and estrogen secretion by the ovary
Secretory Phase
- Days 15 - 28
- Increased vascularization and development of uterine glands occurs primarily in response to progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum
Contraceptive Methods
- Abstinence= 100% effective against pregnancies, no side effects, other than divorce among married couples.
- Withdrawal Method = man pulls out the penis before he ejaculates.
- Failure rate high because of pre-ejaculate = 19% of failure
- Condoms = collects the sperm and prevents them from entering the female reproductive tract
- Failure rate 15%
- Diaphragma or Cervical Caps= made of ruber or silicone
- Inserted into the vagina and placed into the cervix prior to intercourse
- Spermicidal gel is used around the edges to prevent sperm to enter the uterus
- Failure rate is 20% from no previous birth and 40% with previous birth
- IUD = T-shaped plastic structures inserted by healthcare provider. It prevents fertilization
- Copper lasts 10 years and Progesterone 3-5 years
- Failure rate 0.8% - 2%
- Oral contraceptives= Birth control pills
- Combination pill = Synthetic progesterone and estrogens, inhibits ovulation.
- Mini-pill = Progesterone like substances, thins endometrium, thickens cervical mucus, may inhibit ovulation
- Implanted or Injected progestins = prevents ovulation, thickens the mucus around the cervix
Failure rate 03%
- Surgical methods = Irreversible and Failure rate 0.2%-0.5%
- Tubal ligation for women = tubes are cut at the end, and tied or cauterized, to prevent both sperm to reach oocy or oocyte to reach the uterus
- Vasectomy = each duct deferens is cut, and a shot segment is removed and then the ends are tied off. Sperm can not leave the testis and are reabsorbed
- Don't want to have more children
-
- Does not want to take birth control pills
-
- Vasectomy or Tubal ligation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2-) Copper IUD
- No hormone
- Failure 0.8%
- Lasts for 10 years
1-) Birth Control Pill
- High blood pressure
- Blod clot
- diabetes
- risk of cervical cancer and breast cancer
2-) Diaphragm
- Failure rate 20%
- burning with urinination
- discomfort
- red or swollen vulva
- unusual vagina discharge
3-) Cervical Cap
- Failure rate 40%
- irritation from the spermicide or allergic reaction
- strong odor or vaginal discharge if left too long
- changes in the cervix because of irritation