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EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES - Coggle Diagram
EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
WIND
two conditions for erosion
Presence of loost material
wind doesn´t move
solid rock
large fragments
Absence of vegetation
plants and their parts decrease wind speed
making erosion difficult to occur
erosional landforms
Honeycombs
by impact of sand
carried by the wind
formed by many small hollows
Desert Pavement
by sweeping effect
of deflation on desert surface
Mushroom rocks
caused by
wind shapes isolated boulders
Definitions of
2.Abrasion
Whe the material transported by the wind crashes into rocks, its impact and friction on rock polishes and wears away at them, this is abrasion
1.Deflaction
process where the wind detaches and removes loose particles from the surface of the Earth
depositional landforms
Dune
mound of sand
transported by wind
dynamic landforms
always changing
Loess
extensive deposit
fine-grained particulate
from dust storms
ICE
2 Erosion Processes
Plucking
Material sticked to ice
lost material and fragments pulled out
Abrasion
rock fragments stucked in the ice
rock can be polished
striations and grooves
Types of Glacier
Alpine
at high elevations
confined by mountain ranges
2.Continental
at polar regions
not confined by topography
Glaciar Landforms
ice shapes relief
erosion / deposition
by
activity includes:
Arete
Lake
Glacial Polish / Grooves / Striations
Horn
Hanging Valley
U-Shaped Valley
Definition of
Glacier
thick mass of ice that moves over land
Iceberg
large piece of ice thah has been broken of a glacier and fallen into a lake or sea
Depositional Landforms
Moraine
material carried by glacier
sediment it has deposited
depending on the deposited material
terminal
lateral
medial
when to ice tongue meets and lateral moraines are joined
Parts of the Alpine Glacier
Terminal Zone
lowest section
ice melted
material deposited
Glacial Valley
channel
ice descends
called ice tongue
Cirque
uppermost section
rounded shape
snow accum. / transformed into ice
SEA
landforms caused by erosion
Wave-cut platdorms
horizontal areas of rock
near foot or cliffs
Cliffs
vertical masses of rock
separate land and sea
Natural bridges
cracks and weaker zones
Seastacks
no connected to mainland
remains of headlands
Headlands and bays
rugged coastlines
hard and soft rock
2 methods for transport of eroded material
Waves
makes the particle rounder and smaller
drag material
continuous movement
Longshore drift
pulles material along coastline
because direction of wind and waves
two water movements causing EROSION
Waves
action of wind
water´s surface
crest/ through
Tides
oscillations in the sea level
gravitational force of the moon and sun on the water
two periods
6h between them
high/low tide
landorms formed by deposition
Tombolos
seastack to mainland, connect
deposits
Marshes
salt water+fresh water
Deltas
deposits, form mouth of rivers
Beaches
deposists of sand along coastline
Spits
sandbars attached to mainland
Sandbars
sand deposits in elongated islands
action of longshore drift
Lagoons
water separated by a sandbar