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external geological processes, ice - Coggle Diagram
external geological processes
types of glacier
Continental glaciers ,known as polar ice sheets , cover enormous polar areas and aren't confined by topography
Alpine glacier found in mountain ranges at high elevation , masses of ice confined by the mountain valleys .
definition of
glacier: Thick mass of ice that moves over land
iceberg : Large piece of ice that has broken off and fallen into a lake or sea
2 erosion process
abrasion rock fragments stuck in the ice , can polish the rocksand cause scratches
plucking pulls out lose material and fragmented rock, this material stick in the ice
glaciar landforms
lake
Hanging valley
arête
U-shaped valley
horn
depositionals landforms
moraine refer to the material that a glacier is carrying , as well as sediment
lateral moraines
medial moraines
terminal moraines
parts of the alpine glacier
cirque : uppermost section , surrounded shape , snow accumulates and transformed into ice
glacial valley : channel when the ices descends also called ice tongue
terminal zone :lowest section , the ice melts and the material carried is deposited
wind
erosional landforms
Mushroom rock, wind abrasion is more intense closer to the ground than higher up.
Honeycombs, low density or heterogeneous rock is exposed to impact of sand carried by wind formations many small hollows
Desert pavement , sweeping effect of deflation on the desert surface fine and medium size are remove only larger particles are left
definitions of
deflation , wind detaches and removes loose particles from the surface of the earth
abrasion , following the process of deflation crashes into rocks ,the impact and friction of the material on rocks polishes and wears away at them
two conditions for erosion
Presence of loose material, wind cannot move solid rock or large fragments.
Absence of vegetation, roots help hold soil , stems and leaves decrease wind speed making difficult for wind erosion occur .
depositional landform
dune , mound of sand that has been transported by the wind
loess , extensive deposit of fine-grained particle ,the wind deposits this material far from its place
sea
landforms caused by erosion
wave cut platforms : horizontal areas of rock near the foot of cliffs
cliffs : vertical masses of rock that separate land and sea
Natural bridges : form from cracks or weaker zones that erode more quickly
seastack : the reamins of former headlands that are not longer connected
Headlands and bays :rugged coastline , coast made of alternating sections of hard and soft rock
2 methods for transport eroded material
waves: drag material in towards the beach and back out again
longshore drift : occurs when the direction of the wind and waves cause the sea water by pulling along the coast line
two water movement causing erosion
waves : action of the wind on the surface of the water
Tides : oscillation in the sea level
landform caused by deposition
spits : sandbars that are attached to the mainland at one end
deltas : deposits that form at mouth of rivers
lagoons : coastal bodies of water , partially or even completely separated from the sea by a sandbar
tombolos : deposits that connect a seastack
Marshes : salt water and freshwater flow into these shallow wetlands
beaches : deposits of sand or gravel along the coastline
Sandbars : sand deposits that form elongated islands
ice