external geological processes

ice

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wind

sea

types of glacier

definition of

2 erosion process

glaciar landforms

depositionals landforms

parts of the alpine glacier

glacier: Thick mass of ice that moves over land

iceberg : Large piece of ice that has broken off and fallen into a lake or sea

Continental glaciers ,known as polar ice sheets , cover enormous polar areas and aren't confined by topography

Alpine glacier found in mountain ranges at high elevation , masses of ice confined by the mountain valleys .

abrasion rock fragments stuck in the ice , can polish the rocksand cause scratches

plucking pulls out lose material and fragmented rock, this material stick in the ice

moraine refer to the material that a glacier is carrying , as well as sediment

lateral moraines

medial moraines

terminal moraines

cirque : uppermost section , surrounded shape , snow accumulates and transformed into ice

glacial valley : channel when the ices descends also called ice tongue

terminal zone :lowest section , the ice melts and the material carried is deposited

lake

Hanging valley

arête

U-shaped valley

horn

erosional landforms

definitions of

two conditions for erosion

depositional landform

deflation , wind detaches and removes loose particles from the surface of the earth

abrasion , following the process of deflation crashes into rocks ,the impact and friction of the material on rocks polishes and wears away at them

Presence of loose material, wind cannot move solid rock or large fragments.

Absence of vegetation, roots help hold soil , stems and leaves decrease wind speed making difficult for wind erosion occur .

Mushroom rock, wind abrasion is more intense closer to the ground than higher up.

Honeycombs, low density or heterogeneous rock is exposed to impact of sand carried by wind formations many small hollows

Desert pavement , sweeping effect of deflation on the desert surface fine and medium size are remove only larger particles are left

dune , mound of sand that has been transported by the wind

loess , extensive deposit of fine-grained particle ,the wind deposits this material far from its place

landforms caused by erosion

2 methods for transport eroded material

two water movement causing erosion

landform caused by deposition

waves : action of the wind on the surface of the water

Tides : oscillation in the sea level

wave cut platforms : horizontal areas of rock near the foot of cliffs

cliffs : vertical masses of rock that separate land and sea

Natural bridges : form from cracks or weaker zones that erode more quickly

seastack : the reamins of former headlands that are not longer connected

Headlands and bays :rugged coastline , coast made of alternating sections of hard and soft rock

waves: drag material in towards the beach and back out again

longshore drift : occurs when the direction of the wind and waves cause the sea water by pulling along the coast line

spits : sandbars that are attached to the mainland at one end

deltas : deposits that form at mouth of rivers

lagoons : coastal bodies of water , partially or even completely separated from the sea by a sandbar

tombolos : deposits that connect a seastack

Marshes : salt water and freshwater flow into these shallow wetlands

beaches : deposits of sand or gravel along the coastline

Sandbars : sand deposits that form elongated islands