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Eukaryotic cell cycle - Coggle Diagram
Eukaryotic cell cycle
M phase
Phase of cell cycle and checkpoints
Checkpoint triggers condensation of chromatin
Metaphase checkpoint ensures the cell is ready to complete mitosis
Occurs halfway through the cycle
Events within the cell
Cell growth stops
Mitosis occurs
Cytokinesis occurs
G1 phase
Phase of cell cycle and checkpoints
G1 checkpoint control mechanism ensures that the cell is ready to enter the S phase and begin DNA synthesis
Events within the cell
Cells grow and increase in size
Transcription of genes to make RNA occurs
Organelles duplicate
Biosynthesis
Including making the enzymes needed for DNA replication of the S phase
The p53 (tumour suppressor) gene helps control this phase
G0 phase
Phase of cell cycle and checkpoints
Resting phase triggered during early G1 at the restriction point by a checkpoint chemical
Some cells do not have this phase
Eg epithelial cells lining the gut
Events within the cell
Cells may undergo
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Differentiation
Senescence
Some types of cells remain in this phase for a very long time or indefinitely
Eg neurones
S phase of interphase
Phase of cell cycle and checkpoints
Every molecule of DNA is replicated
This is because the chromosomes are unwound
DNA is diffused
There is a specific sequence to the replication of genes
Housekeeping genes are duplicated first
Genes that are normally inactive in specific types of cells are replicated last
Events within the cell
Cell is committed to completing the cell cycle
DNA replicates
All the chromosomes have been duplicated
Each chromosome consists of identical sister chromatids
This phase is rapid
Reduces chances of mutations happening
As exposed DNA base pairs are more susceptible to mutagenic agents
G2 Phase of interphase
Phase of cell cycle and checkpoints
Special chemicals ensure that the cell is ready for mitosis
Proteins are stimulated in order to
Make chromosomes condense
From the spindle
Events within the cell
Cells grow