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Hepatic lipidosis in Cattle - Coggle Diagram
Hepatic lipidosis in Cattle
Diagnosis
Liver biopsy
Estimation of triglyceride content by flotation characteristics of the tissue in copper sulfate solutions of varying specific gravity
Blood and urine metabolites or blood enzyme activity
Proposed as indirect diagnostic parameters
Microscopic evaluation
Estimate the volume of the tissue occupied by fat
Treatment
Administration of corticosteroids
To treat ketosis that may be present
Supplementation of vitamin E and selenium
Administration of both glucose and insulin twice daily
Eliminate negative energy balance
Transfaunation of rumen fluid from a normal cow
Increase production of volatile fatty acids used for glucose precursors
Etiology
Periparturient disorder
Decrease in feed intake
Endocrine changes related to parturition and lactogenesis
Mobilitzation of body fat reserves
Clinical findings
Decreased milk production
Ketosis
Feed intake depression
Increased blood nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentration
Pathophysiology
Over-conditioned
(high BCS)
Large amount of body fat reserves
Enhance triglyceride accumulation
Depression in feed intake
Loose more body weight through lipid mobilization
Enhanced NEFA concentration in liver
Changes in metabolic activity
(unbalanced metabolic response)
Increase in energy requirement
for optimal milk production
Appetite suppression
Negative energy balance (NEB)
Release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) from adipose tissue
NEFA taken up by liver
Esterification
Re-esterified to triglycerides
and export as VLDL
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Oxidation
Production of ATP
Formation of ketones
Prevention & control
Reduce severity and duration of negative energy balance
Avoide overconditioning cattle, rapid diet changes, unpalatable feeds, periparturient diseases, and environmental stress
Minimize stress
Avoid sudden changes in environment
Ration should be balanced according to maintenance and pregnancy requirements
Differential diagnosis
Left-side displacement of the abomasum
Mastitis
Milk fever
Downer-cow syndrome
Retained fetal membranes
GROUP 7
Nurazila Hani binti Mat Johari 192324
Nurul Maisarah binti Khairul Faizy 193796
Nawal Amani binti Abdul Rahman 192258
