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EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES - Coggle Diagram
EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
ICE ❄️
2 erosion processes
plucking
loose material and fragmented rock pulled out (sticks in ice)
abrasion
rock stucks in ice, cut walls polishe rock and causes scratches
types of glacier
alpine
high mountains
continental
polar regions
glaciar landforms
horn, u-shaped and hanging valley, lake, arête
definition of
glacier
thick mass of ice, moves overland
iceberg
large piece of a broken glacier, fallen to sea or lake
depositional landforms
where glacier deposites material
parts of the ALPINE glacier
mass of ice confined by the mountain valleys that surround them
WIND
💨
erosional landforms
honeycombs
rock exposed impact sand carried by wind (hollows)
desert pavement
sweeping effct of deflation on desert surface
mushroom rocks
wind shape insolated boulders
definition of
deflaction: process in wich wind removs loose particles from surface of Earth
abrasion: the process in wich the transported wind material crushed by rocks, impact and friction on rocks and polishes and wears away at them
two conditions for erosion
presence of loose material
can´t move solid rock, large fragments
absence of vegetation
roots hold soil and steams and lives decrease wind speed
depositional landforms
dune
a mount of sand transported by wind that are continually changing through its force
loess
extensive deposit of fine-grained particle matter from dust storms
SEA 🌊
2 methods fot transporting eroded material
waves
Drag material towards beach and out again.
Particles smaller and rounded
Continuous movement
longshore drift
Wind and waves causes sea transport material by pulling along coastline
landforms caused by deposition
tombolos
deposits connect seastack to mainland
marshes
salt and freshwater to wetlands
deltas
deposits at mouth rivers (fertile soil)
beaches
deposits of sand/gravel along coastline. (most common)
spits
sandbars attached to mainland (direction of current)
sandbars
sand deposits. form elongated islands
lagoons
separated from sea by sandbar
landforms caused by erosion
natural bridges
From cracks (differential erosion)
wave-cut platforms
Rock near foot of cliffs where cliff fear retreats
headlands and bays
In places where coast made up of hard and soft rock
Cliffs
Vertical masses of rock, separate land/sea. Most common
Seastacks
Remains of former headlands, no longer connected to mainland
two water movements causing EROSION
waves
Action of wind on water. Crest (upper part), trough (lower part). Series on land: train waves
tides
Oscillations in sea level. Caused by moon and sun force