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8.2 Air Pollution, Screen Shot 2020-05-03 at 11.05.30 PM, Reducing air…
8.2 Air Pollution
Major air pollutants
Carbon Oxides
- Carbon monoxide
-Colorless, odorless, highly toxic
-Forms from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in motor vehicles, fires, stoves, fossil fuels, etc
- Carbon dioxide
-Colorless, odorless
-93% of CO2 in atmosphere is part of natural carbon cycle
-leads to climate change
Nitrogen oxides and nitric acid
- Nitrogen Oxide
- Forms when nitrogen nd oxygen gases react under igh temperatures
- Also produced by lightning and some bacteria
- Nitrous Oxide
- Produced by fertilizers and burning fossil fuels
- Toxic and is a greenhouse gas, therefore climate change
- Nitric acid
- Either NO or NO2 can be combine with water vapor
- Acid deposition: acid rain casuing acidifcation of soil and lakes
Sulfur dioxide and sufuric acid
- Sufure dioxide
- Colorless gas with an irritating odor
- Abort one-third of SO2 in atmosphere comes from natural sources such as volcanoes
- Lung irritation
- Sulfuric acid
- SO2 reacts with water vapor to form sulfuric acid which is suspended in atmosphere in tiny water droplets
- Return to earth as precipitation-acid deposition
- Damage crops, tress, soil and aquatic life, buildings and statues
Ozone
- Ozone is beneficial in stratospere filtering out UV radiation
- At ground level in the tropsphere it is harmful
- Human have decreases ozone in stratosphere and icreased it at ground-level
- Formed when sunight causes nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compunds (VOCs) to react
Acid deposition
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Dry deposition: acidic particles falling to ground, happens close to tge industrial sources within 2 or 3 days after emission
Wet deposition: acid rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor, with a pH of less than 5.6 falling up 1000kmaway two weeks after emission
Harmful effects:
- Damages stone and concrete structures
- Contributes to respiratory diseases in humans
- Lowers pH of freshwater ecosystems-mst fish cannot survive below pH 4.5
Problems preenting acid deposition
- But many soils and lakes still acidic after decades of acid accumulation
- Coal industry still resits regulation
- People and ecosystems affected by acidicdeposition often are quitefar downwind from the soruces of the problem
The amosphere
The troposphere
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Contains most of the atmosphere, because it is the densest layer
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Green house gases
Svereal ases in the tropshphere are called greenhouse gases because they aborb and release energy that warmshe troposphere. Greenhouse gases come from both natural and man-made sources, volcanoues, animal digesting, decompostion
Ozone
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If all radiation reched the earth's surface life would never have evolved at the surface because of intense molecular damage
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Smog
Coal and oil brining leds to industria; smog
- Comes from burning coal in industrial and power plants, and sometimes homes
- The sulfur dioxide mixes with water vapor to form suspended droplets of sulfuric acid
Photochemical smog: a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the indlunce of UVradiaition from the sun
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