John Dalton was born on September 6, 1766 to a Quaker family from the town of Eaglesfield in Cumberland, England.

By 1909, Rutherford was an established professor, and had students working under him. For a raw undergraduate named Marsden, he picked a research project he thought would be tedious but straightforward.

The plum pudding model was an early 20th century model of an atom. It was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904, after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

Joseph John Thomson was born on December 18, 1856 in Cheetham Hill, a district of Manchester in England, and was of Scottish descent. In 1870 he studied engineering at Owens College, today part of the University of Manchester, and moved to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1876. In 1880, he obtained his degree in Mathematics.

Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger 1887-1961 developed an “Electron Cloud Model” in 1926. It consisted of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons at various levels in orbitals. Schrödinger and Werner Heisenburg 1901-1976 mathematically determined regions in which electrons would be most likely found.

He was born in Copenhagen to Christian Bohr, a devoted Lutheran and professor of physiology at the city's university, and Ellen Adler, a member of a wealthy Jewish family of great importance in Danish banking and in "circles of Parliament". After graduating from the University of Copenhagen in 1911

Werner Karl Heisenberg (Würzburg, December 5, 1901-Munich, February 1, 1976) was a German theoretical physicist. He is best known for formulating the uncertainty principle, a fundamental contribution to the development of quantum theory.

He was a professor at the University of Berlin. He set about investigating discharges in rarefied gases. Opposing Crookes, he believed that cathode rays were, like light, undulatory in nature.

In the world of physics, Max Planck's ideas were progenitors of some of Einstein's most important contributions. Planck was the first to affirm that energy is not continuous, but consists of indivisible bits called quanta, an idea on which Einstein based himself to affirm that light was also made up of similar packages, today known as photons.

Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. The nature and behavior of matter and energy at that level is sometimes referred to as quantum physics and quantum mechanics.

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (Paris, France, August 26, 1743 - ibidem, May 8, 1794) was a French chemist, biologist, and economist. Considered the "father of modern chemistry"

Ernest Rutherford, also known as Lord Rutherford He devoted himself to the study of radioactive particles and managed to classify them into alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ). He found that radioactivity was accompanied by a disintegration of the elements, which earned him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.