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MEDICAL MYCOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
OVERVIEW
- Superficial mycosis --> Kolonisasi di kulit, rambut, kuku --> jaring jaring dari keratin
- Karakteristik : sisik pada tepi lesi, sedikit sebabin respon imun, tidak merusak (cuma gk enak diliat), asimtophatic, hygene, komplikasi
- Low virulence fungi --> jarang buat sistemik komplikasi
- Mudah didiagnosis
- Treatment gampang
- Kekebalan tubuh penting
Superficial Mycosis yang sering
- Pityriasis versicolor --> Malassezia
- Tinea nigra --> Exophiala werneckii
- White piedra --> Trichosporon
- Black Piedra --> Piedra hortae
Pityriasis versicolor
Pendahuluan
- dikenal tinea versicolor / tinea flava / panu
- Genus lipophilic yeast yang juga bagian dari flora normal
- Bisa disebabkan Malassezia furfur
Skin Lesion characteristic
- small makula, with altered pigmentation since M.furfur complex disrupt melanin production
- makula bisa membesar dan coalesce
- Hypopigmentation & Hyperpigmentation
Manifestasi
- sebagian besar orang tidak terkena komplikasi, kecuali orang immunocomprimised --> folliculitis, obstructive dacryocystitis, seborrheic dermatitis, etc
- lipophilic yeast-->reday contaminate intravenous lipid infusion --> systemin disease (fungemia)
Diagnosis
- Skin scraping (at margin of lesion)
- kultur di fungal media with lipid addition
- Skin lesion appear yellowish
Malassezia furfur
- dari skin scraping
- appear as spherical/oval thick-walled yeast--> spahetti and meatball appearance
- Hifa sering produksi (short unbranch)
- Treatment : topical (azoles / selenium sulfide), ketoconazole / itraconazole,
Tinea Nigra
Pendahuluan
- tinea palmaris / superficial Phaeohypomycosis --> pigmen gelap
- Infeksi kronis pada stratum corneum --> ex. palm & soles tebal
- Cause by Hortaea(exophiala) werneckii, dematiaceous fungi
- pada wanita muda, di ling.hangat (tropical&subtropical)
Karakteristik lesi
- dema. fungi --> warna lesi gelap (dark macula) --> plaque
- no sclaing / invasi ke rambut
- Mispersepsi dengan malignant melanoma
Diagnosis
- Skin scrapping : ganas /gak, fungal staining
- Pigmen hifa & yeast muncul hitam/coklat
- Yeast --> appear as 2 celled --> silindris
- Kultur : 1 minggu, bantu tegak diagnosa cepat
- pake SDA --> hitam
Treatment
Keratolytic agent, Salicylic acid, Azoles
White Piedra
Pendahuluan
- infeksi rambut
- semua berambut, utama discalp, area lipatan kuit, pubic/axilla
- caused by Trichosporon --> T. asahii, T. belgelli, T. inkin (pubic), T. ovoides (scalp)
Karakteristik lesi
- Fungus ngelilingin rambut
- Lesi : munculnya nodus berjalan, lebar, besar, halus, kuning/terang, mudah di singkirkan
Diagnosis
- rambut terinfeksi --> KOH 10% --> mikroskop
- cultur --> media agar --> rambutnya --> cycloheximide
- koloninya kering, kerut --> 2-3 hari (tergantung suhu)
- Diagnosis lebih awal --> Proper direct examination of hair shaft --> cepet diset tanpa culture
Treatment
gundulin, azole, hygine dan sanitasi penting
Black Piedra
Pendahuluan
- infeksi rambut, pigmen black, terutama scalp
- cause by piedraia hortae, dematiaceous fungi
- tropical area --> sarang tapi dr pd white piedra
- tergantung hygine status
Karakteristik lesi
- around the hair shaft
- lesi : seperti dot, small, black, hard nodule (kasar), melekat, pada mikroskop hitam bgt
Diagnosis
- Infeksi hair shaftnya --> cet --> KOH 10% --> percabangan, hifa lebih hitam(liat nodule)
- slow growing fungus --> bisa di kultur
- pemeriksaan tepat, lebih awal --> proper direct exam. of hair shaft
Treatment
mirip white piedra, gundulin, azoles, hygene penting