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SPIRAL & OTHER FORM BACTERIA - Coggle Diagram
SPIRAL & OTHER FORM BACTERIA
GARDNERELLA
Karakteristik
genus dengan pleomorphic, coccobacilus/short rod, gram negative
Facultative anaerobic -- G. vaginalis
tidak berspora, nonmotile
Garnerella vaginalis
Karakteristik
association with bacterial vaginosis (BV)
memiliki malodorous discharge & vaginal pH greater than 4:5
urinary tract infections di laki laki maupun perempuan
Diagnosis
visualized in wet mounts of vaginal fluid --> clue cells
tumbuh di 5% - 7% CO2 di 35-37 derajat C
medium : human blood bilayer tween (HBT) agar --> koloni B-hemolytic, kecil, abu abu, opaque
catalase-negatif, oxidase-negative, hippurate hydrolysis positive
Treatment
Metronidazole, Clindamycin in oral & vaginal gel/cream forms
SPIROCHETES
Karakteristik
besar, heterogenus, spiral-shaped
panjang & slender, corkscrew shaped
Gram negative, outer sheath + (glycosaminoglycan)
endoflagella (+) --> motil
TREPONEMA
Identifikasi
slender spiral, never cultured terus terusan di artificial media
fertile eggs/tissue culture
lebih dari 100 protein antigen
Cardiolipin --> componen penting di treponemal antigen
Patogenesis (Congenital)
diturunkan dari ibu ke anak saat kehamilan
Manifesti klinis
Miscarriage, stillbirth, saddlenose, periostitis, CNS anomalies
Patogenesis (Acquired)
Acquired (sexual contact, Port d'entry--> lesi kulit/mukosa, mainly di genetalia)
Manifesti Klinis
Primary : spirochetes multiplikasi di site entry, setelah 2-10 minggu --> primary lesion --> papula --> hard chancre, ulcus durum is painless lesion
Secondary : 2-10 minggu setelah primary heals, red maculopapular rash anywhere, dan condylomata lata.
Tertiary : granulomatous lesion, degenerative changes di CNS, cardiovascular lesion.
Latent : no sing & symptom, serologic test positif
Diagnosis
Spesimen : jaringan fluid, Blood serum (serologic test)
Non-treponemal test : screening test --> Ab-Ag, to follow the efficacy of therapy, use cardiolipin as antigen, VDRL, USR
Treponemal Antibody test: Measure antibodies, memastikan positifnya, lebih mahal, hasilnya reaktif/tidak
Treatment
antimikrobial agents --> membunuh bakteri (damage gk mbalek)
Drugs : Penicillin G
Tetracycline / erythromycin bisa juga
LEPTOSPIRA
Klasifikasi
Patogenik spesies :
Leptospira interrogans
&
L. icterohaemorrhagieae
--> Weil's disease
Non patogenik spesies :
Leptospira biflexa
Identifikasi
melilit erat, kurus, fleksibel, akhirnya ada hook, zoonosis (rat)
rotational motion, bisa diserap silver
tumbuh di kondisi aerobic, suhu 28-30 derajat C
overlapping di antigenic structures
Patogenesis
ingestion / lesi di mukus membran atau kulit --> febrile (variable onset) --> establish di parenchymatus organs (liver & kidneys) --> pendarahan & nekrosis di jaringan --> organ disfungsi --> jaundice, hemorrhage, nitrogen retention
Treatment
doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxycillin, preventing exposure, rodent control
Diagnosis
Spesimen : darah/urin/serum
Mikroskop examination : darkfield, thick smear, giemsa
Culture : Fletcher's semisolid medium
Serology : MAT
CHLAMYDIA
Overview
gk bisa sintesis ATP --> obligate intraseluler organisme & form inclusion body di host cell
Cell wall: Gram negative
Stains : Giemsa, immunoflourescence
Infection manifest on ocular, genital dan respiratory tract
Drug: macrolides, tetracycline
Chlamydia trachomatis
produces compact intracytoplasmic contain glycogen
inhibited by sulfonamides
menyebabkan : trachoma, nongonococcal uretritis, pneumonitis of infants, dan lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia pneumoniae
produces intracytoplasmic inclusions thath lack glycogen
resisten to sulfonamides
menyebabkan: respiratory tract infection
Chlamydia psitaci
produce difuse intracytoplasmic inclusions that lack glycogen
resisten to sulfonamides
include agents psittacosis di human, ornithosis di burung, meningopneumonitis, dll