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Integumentary System (Anatomy) - Accessory Structure of the Skin - Coggle…
Integumentary System (Anatomy) -
Accessory Structure of the Skin
SEBACEOUS GLAND
helps to lubricate & waterproof the skin & hair
excrete sebum
mixture of lipids
lubricating the dry & dead layer of keratinized
cells of the stratum corneum
stimulated by hormones
prevent water loss from the skin (low-humid env.)
inactive during childhood
oil gland that can be found all over the body
SWEAT GLAND
Eccrine Sweat Gland
produces a hypotonic sweat
primary component of thermoregulation
mostly located on the palms of hand, soles of feet & forehead
help to maintain homeostasis
can be found all over the skin's surface
duct rising up to a pore on the skin surface
Sweat been produced
released by exicytosis
composed mostly of water, some salts, antibodies, traces of metabolic waste & dermicidin
Apocrine Sweat Glands
larger than eccrine sweat glands
lie deeper in the dermis
located at hairy areas (eg: armpits, genital area)
release of this sweat is under both nervous & hormonal control
Associated with hair follicles
Sweat been produced
water, salts, organic compounds
making the sweat thicker & subject to bacterial
decomposition and subsequent smell
HAIR
(3 Zones)
Cuticle
- outer layer of very hard, keratinized cells
Internal Root Sheath
derived from the basal cells of the hair matrix
surround the root of the growing hair &
extend just up to the hair shaft
Cortex
- layer of compressed keratinized cells
Medulla
- forms the central core of the hair
Glassy Membrane
covering the hair root
connecting the hair root to the tissue of the dermis
thick, clear connective tissue sheath
Arrector Pili
- smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles & make the hair "stand up"
External Root Sheath
more keratinous in the upper regions
extension of the epidermis, encloses the hair root
made of basal cells at the base of the hair root
hair color- from pigment of melanin, produced
by melanocytes in the hair papilla
NAIL
Hyponychium
furthest from the cuticle
free edge of the nail
consists of a thickened layer of stratum corneum
Lunula
located at the base of the nail
crescent-shaped region which is formed by the thick
layer of epithelium over the matrix
Nail body
composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes
forms a back-support for picking up small objects with the fingers
forms at the nail root (nail root has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continously
protects the tits of our fingers & toes
Nail fold
assist in anchoring the nail body
nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the nail cuticle, or known as "eponychium"
overlaps the nail on the sides