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MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY (Gram Negative Bacteria) - Coggle Diagram
MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY
(Gram Negative Bacteria)
NON ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
(Gram negative Bacilli)
YERSINIA
TAXONOMY
Family: Yersiniaceae
Genus: Yersinia
Species :
Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia pestis
CLASSIFICATION
Awal klasifikasi : genus Pasteurella
Patogen hewan --> tapi ada manifestasi klinik pada human
KARAKTERISTIK
Gram negatif batang, Katalase positif, Oksidase negatif, Mikroaerofilik & fakultative anaerobic, Hostnya hewan/manusia .
GAMBARAN KOLONI
Y. Entero
(cefsoludin Irgasan Novobiocin agar) --> bull's eye dengan warna merah ditengah
Y. Pestis
(BAM) --> abu abu putih (translucent koloni)
Y. Enterocolitica &
Y. Pseudotuberculosis
Virulence Factors
Yersenia enterocolitica
: menghasilkan enterotoxin di sal. pencernaan --> diare
Patogenesis (Mode transmisi)
Y. Enterocolitica
: host (tikus, anjing, kucing, sapi), transmisi kehuman (food, drink, muntahan)
Y. Pseudotuberculosis
: host (burung, farm animal). lewat feses, transmisi ke human (makanan yang ditelan terkontaminasi feses), person to person jarang terjadi
Gejala Klinis
Demam, Nyeri Perut, diare (air terus darah), mirip appendisitis
setelah 2 minggu ngilu2 lalu arthritis, arthralgia, eritemenodosum
Pneumonia, meningitis, repsis --> jarang
Identifikasi
Spesimen: Feses, blodd, saat operasi
Di Kultur : 2-4 week in 4 derajat C --> spesimen harus dingin --> MacConkey --> Y. enterocolitica
Y.entero mau liat bull's eye --> CIN Agar
SPESIFIC CHARACTER
Y. Enterocolitica & Y. Pseudotuberculosi
s : grow best at 25 derajat C, motil at 25 derajat C, non motil at 37 derajat C.
-
Y. Pestis
: Bipolar staining (wright, Giemsa, Methyleneblue) -->
hairpin like appearence
, non-motile, grow at 0-43 derajat C,
Y. Pestis
Clinicial Finding
Panas tinggi, muntah & diare (jarang), pneumonia, meningitis
Khas: Buboes --> kel.limfe yang membesar terus sakit
Virulence Factors
LPS --> endotoxic
Tipe III --> bakteri inject protein --> rilis V & antigen
Plasminogen --> activating protease
Capsular protein --> antifagositik
Fosfolipase --> untuk survival
PAI --> kode untuk produksi toxin, ambil zat besi host
Yersiniabactin --> multiplikasi --> sistemik infection
Patogenesis
Kutu nempel hewan --> Y.Pestis pindah ke kutu --> gigit manusia --> masuk --> respon imun --> dibunuh PMN --> Dimakan Makrofag --> multiplikasi disana --> keluarin antifagositik --> sampai kel.limfe --> kel. limfa membesar (kembangbiak) --> ada yang necrosis disini --> bisa ikut aliran darah --> kemana-mana --> meningitis, pneumonia, pleurapericarditis
Identifikasi
Spesimen : darah, sputum, swab bagian limfe node yang besar, cairan serebrospinal
Staining : Giemsa, wright, wayson --> safety pinshape
Mac Konkey Agar --> Fermentasi laktosa
Hasil : katalase positif, indole negatif, oksidase positif, urease negatif
non motile
PSEUDOMONAS
Taxonomy
Family : Pseudomonadaceae
Genus : Pseudomonas
Species :
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
--> nosocomial and communitiy acquired infection &
Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pseudomallei
--> melioidosis
General Karakter
Gram negative, motile, aerobics rods, non lacose, water soluble pigments,banyak di soil, water, plants, animal.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Spesifik karakter
producing a sweet/grapelike/corn taco-like odor.
Pyocyanin - nonfluorescent (hijau kebiruan)
Pyoverdin - fluorescent (biru)
Distibusi
lingkungan lembab, saprophyte
Virulance Factor
Pili, Lipopolisakarida (endotoxic activity), Exotoxin A, Biofilm formation, mucoid exopolisakarida, ekstraseluler enzim.
Patogenesis
devoid of normal defenses, intravenous / urinary catheters, neutropenia
bakteri nemepl dan berkoloni di mukus membran/kulit
invades localy, produces systemic disease
Clinical Finding
Sering ditemukan di radang telinga luar
Infection of the eye
infection of wounds (blue-green pus)
meningitis, pneumonia, fatal sepsis
urinary track infection
Identifikasi
Spesimen : lesi kulit, pus, urin, darah, spinal, dll
Gram staining : gram negative bacilli
Culture : Mc Conkey Agar (non lactose) & MHA (pyocianin pigment)
VIBRIO
General karakter
curved aerobic rods, motil, polar flagellum
Taxonomy
Family : Vibrionaceae
Genus : Vibrio
Species :
Vibrio cholerae
(O1 & O139) &
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
--> gastroenteritis akut
Vibrio cholerae
Spesifik Karakter
darting motility, TCBS agar
Biotype Differentation
Biotype : V. cholerae classical & V. cholerae El Tor
Serotype : V. cholerae Ogawa, Inaba, Hikoyima
Virulance Factor
produce a heat-labile enterotoxin, consisting of subunits A & B
Patogenesis
masuk mulut --> organisms ke gaster--> migrasi lewat duodenum dan jejunum / ileum --> adhere di mikrovili --> multiplikasi --> ekskresi racun kolera
Clinical Finding
watery diare --> rice water stool, sering diare --> dehidrasi , treatment pake penicillin
Identifikasi
Spesimen : tools
Dark field akan melihatkan rapidly motile vibrous
TCBS agar medium : yellow colonies
OTHER (Gram negative Bacilli)
Taxonomy
Genus : Haemophilus
Spesies:
Haemophilus influenza type b
--> meningitis, pneumonia
Haemophilus ducreyi
--> chancroid
Haemophilus influenza
Short coccoid bacilli
butuh faktor X (hemin) & faktor V (NAD) untuk tumbuh -->
satellite phenomenon
Encapsulated
-medium : isovitale-X-enriched chocolate agar
Taxonomy
Genus : Bordetella
Spesies :
Bordetella pertussis
--> pertusis / batuk rejar
Karekteristik
mudah menular dan strictly human pathogen
small cocobacilli
sekresi pertussis toxin --> hipoxia
Patogenesis
Nempel --> evasion from host immunity --> local damage --> systemic damage
Staging
incubation stage (7-10 hari) --> Catarrhal stage (1-2 minggu) --> Paroxysmal stage (2-4 minggu --> Convalescence (berkurang komplikasi)