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Why has tourism become a global phenomenon? - Coggle Diagram
Why has tourism become a global phenomenon?
Who are tourists?
Types of tourists
international tourists
Tourism outside of one's country
Japan generates tourist flows of 5 to 10 million to North America,Southeast Asia and Europe
Tourist arrivals in Asia Pacific rose from 8.2% to 21.7% from 1980 to 2010
Domestic Tourists
In 2010, 83% of worldwide tourist arrivals were from domestic tourism and 63% of overnight stays in hotels were represented by domestic tourism
Tourism within one's home country
Tourists are persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for more than 24 hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business or other purposes
Forms of tourism
Mass tourism
refers to travel that involves large numbers of tourists visiting a particular place together
Package Holidays
Tour arranged by tour agency
Includes transportation,accommodation,meals
Attracts Family of different age groups
Attracts people who are exploring places they are unfamiliar with
Niche Tourism
Examples : Deep sea Diving,Malidives / Safari,Kenya
Eco tourism
refers to the responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of the local people
help travelers better appreciate natural beauty and biodiversity
Waitomo Caves in New Zealand : tourists visit to view glow worms that light the ceiling caves
Managed by New Zealand government in partnership with local Maori
minimize human impact its internal environment
tour operations halted if carbon emissions reach 2,400 million parts per million
Local Maori receive a portion of enterance fees
refers to special-interest tourism based on a particular area,interest or activity
Short Haul Destinations
refers to destinations that are less than 5 hours away
Singapore - Hong Kong (4 hours flight time)
Long Haul Destinations
refers to destinations that are more than 5 hours away
Singapore - London (13 hour flight time)
Reasons for growth of tourism
Developments in technology
Ease of access to information
information more readily available and accessible
Online booking and research
Gives more options and control
better access to information about their destination
view feedback and recommendations
Surveillance and security checks
Makes tourists feel safer and more confident about travelling
Better and affordable transport
Rise of budget airlines
cheaper costs enable people to travel more frequently
AirAsia,JetStar,TigerAir
Flight from Singapore to London
In 1950s, take two to four days with many stops
De Havilland Comet 1 : 36 passengers
Present day , takes 14 hours with one or no stops
Airbus A380 , 853 passengers
Great improvements in safety,shorter travelling times and costs
More air routes and agreements
makes more places accessible
Open skies agreement
agreement made to remove restrictions on flights plans, capacity and prices of commercial flights between two countries
Agreement signed between Singapore and USA
Commercial flights from SG can stopover in US to fly to another country
Deregulation
allowing prices to rise and fall according to demand of market
Before 1974, flight prices were regulated by the International Air Transport Association (IATA)
demand factors
Disposable income
amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid
increase D.E - spend more on goods,services or activities to improve quality of life
Leisure time
more paid leave and income - more inclined to travel
Australia : employees can exchange overtime hours for leave
increase chances of longer breaks
increase chances of people participating in domestic or international tourism
Changing lifestyle
change in the way people live throughout their lifetime and from generation to generation
( young ) pace of life increase, people travel more to relax and unwind
(Elderly) Medical advancements, people more health conscious, live longer and more fit to travel
In Australia, grey nomads ( Retirees), go on cruise ships or explore different cities in camper vans --- increase domestic and international tourism
Destination factors
Attractions
feature of quality that makes a place interesting or enjoyable, promoted by tourism industry
Dubai,UAE
more than 15 million travellers in 2017
shopping,business,entertainment
MICE facilities,luxury hotels and shops
The Burj AL Arab, seven star luxury hotel
Palm islands, world's largest artificial islands for high end residential,leisure and entertainment
Investments in infrastructure and services
transport and communication networks,electrical frame works and systems for water and waste disposal
SEA experienced rapid growth in I. tourists over last 3 decades
Changi Airport Budget terminal was closed in sept 2012 to build T4
raised capacity to 82 million compared to 72 million in 2013
Access to information
ease of access to information
information more readily available
tourists more likely to visit
transport routes,schedules,weather condition
access in a language they understand
Phuket,Thailand
many signs with multiple languages
local guides and tours who come from various countries