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Aboriginal children in remote areas and sports - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Australians living in remote or very remote areas have, on average, higher rates of risky health behaviours such as smoking, poorer access to health services, and worse health than people living in regional or metropolitan areas.
        https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/3fae0eb7-b2be-4ffc-9903-a414388af557/7_7-indigenous-health-remoteness.pdf.aspx
    - - Many Indigenous Australians experience poorer health than other Australians, often dying at much younger ages. Indigenous Australians are more likely than non-Indigenous Australians to have respiratory diseases, mental health problems, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
        https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/indigenous-health
      - closing the gap -
        https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/closing-gap
    - - In 2014–15, an estimated 40% of Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over rated their health as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’, 35% as ‘good’ and 26% as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ (ABS 2016). Indigenous males were more likely to rate their health as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ than Indigenous females (43% compared with 37%). Indigenous parents rated the health of their children aged 0–14 positively in 2014–15: 83% rated it as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’, 13% as ‘good’, and 4.0% as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’.
        https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/110ef308-c848-4537-b0e7-6d8c53589194/aihw-aus-221-chapter-6-2.pdf.aspx
      - https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/186/10/health-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-children-remote-far-north
        Indigenous Participation in Australian Sport
        https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/mcs/article/view/4232/4611?fbclid=IwAR2mcXfGOi76zelV-6z1SaX_mlVO8SDfB-KquZvB7DeqXe6B707r8CXZ4D4
        diabetes, high choestrol
        http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=eb8d9a5f-abee-41e9-b2b3-d89db8e93a2c%40pdc-v-sessmgr06
        The 'invisible homeless' - challenges faced by families bringing up their children in a remote Australian Aboriginal community.
        http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=12&sid=729d9c97-c7be-4023-9a99-08516fa6db72%40sessionmgr101&bdata=JmF1dGh0eXBlPXNzbyZjdXN0aWQ9ZGVha2luJnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=20203004733&db=lhh
      - https://www.sportanddev.org/en/article/news/sports-role-closing-gap-australias-first-nations-people?fbclid=IwAR30IMr7DgX59TA0cgxyFQtmCP3TEW2SQXVdu064W_iZBwHbZ8Rmaw1Qn3s
        https://www.indigenous.gov.au/news-and-media/stories/community-sport-helps-increase-school-attendance-central-australia?fbclid=IwAR2yFXXd2_0dtVpoZxxXemOrGin8qQECm4ZnnbYs22m6yDkwV1aPbnDE_iM
        https://nasca.org.au/programs-impact/sport-and-youth-development/?fbclid=IwAR1Mf_KJWWqxI2m6_AtOy_Q-kBQA9VSUaKEMl8SJvKvShZFxxtE7x-EQXec
  - - - The settings approach to health promotion considers the multiple, interacting components that make up a whole system and adopts interventions that integrate these components to minimise risk factors and conditions that contribute to disease
    - - Supporting healthy communities through sports and recreation programs
  - - - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (two thirds of whom live in rural, regional or remote areas) are almost three times as likely as non-Indigenous people to report high or very high levels of psychological distress11, with the prevalence of this level of psychological distress decreasing from 34 percent in major cities, to 32 per cent in regional areas and 31 percent in remote areas (compared with around 12 per cent fornon-Indigenous people across these areas).
        Factors such as
        discrimination and racism, grief and loss, child removals and unresolved trauma, life stress, social exclusion, economic andsocial disadvantage, incarceration, child removal by care and protection orders, violence, family violence, substance use and physical health problems
        have been linked to social and emotional wellbeing concerns for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Some experts argue that there is a lack of ‘fit’ between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of social and emotional wellbeing and mainstream concepts of mental health and illness which have informed mental healthservice provision. In rural areas there can often be apprehension around help seeking and a fear of the stigma sometimes associated with mental illness - particularly in smaller communities where individuals are more visible, and confidentiality may be less assured. ‘Rural stoicism’, resilient attitudes and lower educational levels can also influence help-seeking behaviour, readiness to engage with mental health services, and adherence to preventive advice. Lower incomes also make it more difficult to afford mental health care, and limited or non-existent public transport is also a barrier to accessing mental health services. These factors combine to increase the risk and sense of social isolation, especially for those who are physically unwell, unemployed or living with a disability.
        Timely diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of a mental health condition in rural and remote areas is likely to occur later or not at all, often resulting in an increased likelihood of hospitalisation and sometimes leading to the most tragic of outcomes - self-harm and suicide.
        Compared with major cities, the rate of suicide in rural and regional areas is about 40 per cent higher while the rate in remote areas.
- - - - Indigenous peoples have no equal chance of being as healthy as non-Indigenous Australians. 'The relative socio-economic disadvantage faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared with non-Indigenous people puts them at a higher risk of behavioural exposure and environmental health risk factors as does the higher proportion of Indigenous households living in environments that do not promote good health. In addition, indigenous communities do not have equitable access to primary health care and health facilities including clean drinking water, reliable sewerage systems, healthy housing and waste disposal services.
        https://www.humanrights.gov.au/about/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based
      - In 2008, 59 per cent of Indigenous and Torres Strait Islanders aged 15–34 who completed Year 12 recorded excellent / very good health compared to 49 per cent of those who left school early (Year 9 or below). The rates were 43 per cent for people aged 35 years and over, and 25 per cent respectively.
        https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/lookup/4704.0Chapter365Oct+2010
      - Children's overweight and obesity raise the probability of premature death and later-life physical morbidity, including hypertension, diabetes, stroke, ischaemic heart diseases, asthma, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children at greater risk. These problems are exacerbated by a lack of parental concern regarding obesity in the Australian general population and the desirability of gaining weight among Aboriginal parents.
        https://www.racgp.org.au/download/Documents/AFP/2013/July/201307hickie.pdf