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L12 PATHOLOGY: Specific Intestinal Disorders of Cats and Dogs - Coggle…
L12 PATHOLOGY: Specific Intestinal Disorders of Cats and Dogs
VIRAL DISEASES
Parvovirus Enteritis
Feline Panleukopaena/Feline Enteritis
often fatal, targets
rapidly dividing cells
, initially replicates in lymphoid tissue
Clin signs: diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, depression
Pathology: immunosuppression, panleukopaenia, flaccid dilated red intestine w/ serositis (mucoid/haemorrhagic gut contents), villous atrophy, intranuclear inclusions in enterocytes, desquamated crypt cells, congenital cerebellar hypoplasia
Canine Parvovirus
severe, often fatal (esp rotties and dobermanns).
target rapidly dividing cells (crypts)
very young pups ARE NOT PROTECTED BY MATERNAL ABS
causes necrosis of heart, liver, kidney, b.v.s, marrow, lung, intestine -
myocarditis, may die several months later
in pups >6-8wks
- diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, depression (immunosuprresion and panleukopaenia), flaccid dilated red intestine w serositis, severe villous atrophy, intranuclear inclusions in enterocytes, desquamated crypts cell
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Coronavirus (related to TGE in pigs) - viral replication in lymphoid tissues, MACs take them systemically
outcome depends on immune response - cats with strong cell mediated immune response do not develop FIP
Wet (effusive) form
- NO CELL MEDIATED - widespread vasculitis, effusion of protein-rich fluid, fibrinous polyserositis
rapid course, death 1-12 weeks
rapid onset
, thick and stringy HIGH PROTEIN fluid in cavities - polyserosistis, abdominal distension, dyspnoea
Dry (non-effusive) form
- WEAK CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE - vasculitis, no effusion
longer course, death up to 6months
insidious onset
, CNS signs, uveitis, renal failure, nodular lesions in organs
both forms: depression, inappetance, wt loss, fatal
- pyogranulomatous lesions around blood vessels - immune complex deposition and arthus (hypersens. rxn)
BACTERIAL DISEASES
Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis
"Boxer colitis" - usually in <2yo - may have soft faeces with mucous and blood
Ulcerated colon - enterocyte necrosis which overlies granuloamatous rxn , many MACS in LP and SM
PAS pos material in MACs, lymphocyte and plasma cells
lymphadenopathy
LNs w many MACs
IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diffuse
Lymphoplasmacytic enteritis in dogs and cats - esp german shepherds and basenji. malabsorption and protein losing enteropathy
Diffuse Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils in mucosa
recurrent diarrhoes, circulating eosinophilia - hypersensitivty to food or parasites??
Wheat-sensitive Enteropathy in Irish Setters
Similar to gluten intolerance in humans
increased lymphocytes, goblet cells and villous atrophy
PARASITIC DISEASES
Toxocara
Canine Multifocal Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
uncommon, in young dogs <4yrs
migrating T.canis larvae encased in granulomatous rxn along migration routes
many eosinophils
chronic diarrhoea, wt loss, circulating eosinophilia
intrauterine transmission - last 10 days of pregnancy
transmammary transmission
ingestion of eggs
larvae penetrate intestine, migrate liver and lungs, coughed up and swallowed
ZOONOTIC
VLM
weight loss, diarrhoea, pot-belly, VLM
Hookworm
ANCYLOSTOMA, UNCINARIA
blood feeders in mucosa -
diarrhoea, anaemia, can be fatal
transplacental/colostral infection
larvae are ingestion/transcutaneous transmission
migrate through lungs, uterus, mucosal tissue
CLM (ZOONOTIC)
Trichuris
colitis and proctitis
itching of perineum = boot scooting
Cestodes
(tapeworm)
require IH, compete with host for nutrients
DH - Dipylidium, Taenia (cystic larve in various organs of IH (rabbits, sheep, pigs)), Echinococcus (hyatids - in lungs, liver - sheep, pigs, cattle, humans)
Giardia
Coccidia
Coccidiosis
diarrhoea in pups and kittens. carious stages in villous and crypt endothelail cells - causes rupture of enterocytes
Diarrhoea may be bloody, anorexia, wt loss, depression, dehydration, may be fatal
Tritrichomonas
young cats <12mo. persistant diarrhoea refractory to treatment - dense housing conditions
histologically: chronic colitis
dx - detection of causative agent - faecal wet mounts, pyriform or crescent shaped organisms
NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
Lymphosarcoma
