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CHAPTER 3: NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: SPEAKING WITHOUT WORDS, image, image,…
CHAPTER 3:
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: SPEAKING WITHOUT WORDS
Definition
Nonverbal communication
: “silent” communication, expresses meaning or feelings without words, such as happiness, fear or sadness
Verbal communication
: spoken communication, including the use of works and intonation to convey meaning
Gesture
: movement of the body or part of the body, especially the hand
Universal
: global, worldwide
9 Categories
Proxemics
: Use of personal space in relationships with others
Space available
Power distance
Social status
Personal relationships
Degree of equality
Kinetics
: Use of movement to communicate a message
Gestures
Body movements
Facial expressions
Eye contact
Chronemics
: Conception and use of time
Linear
Cyclical
Limited / unlimited
Monochronic
Polychronic
Paralanguage
: Use of unarticulated sounds to stress or mitigate a message
Vocal characteristics (laughing)
Vocal qualifiers ( intensity, pitch, also accent)
Vocal segregates
Silence
: A mean of communication also
Agreement / disagreement
(non) attention
Respect
Embarrassment / fear
Thoughtfulness
Haptics
: Use of touch to communicate
Hands
Arms
Cheeks
Nose
Head
Clothing
: Physical appearance
Ethnic origin
Profession
Status
Territoriality
: Space claimed and used to communicate messages
Layout
Furniture
Decoration
Olfactics
: Role of odours to communicate a message
Flowers
Herbs
Perfumes
Functions
Substitutes for verbal messages
Enhancing verbal messages
Regulating inter-personal relationships and status
Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication
There are nonverbal differences across cultures that may be source of confusion for foreigners
In terms of expressing sadness
In Arab and Iranian cultures, people express their grief openly
In Japanese and Chinese cultures, being more subdued is the way people do
In terms of expressing emotion
In some countries, men can embrace while women can hold hands
In other countries, showing affection in this way is discouraged and prohibited
To understand other cultural styles of communication, people should study the “silent language” of that culture
Gestures and Body Positioning
"OK" gesture means
Good in the U.S
Money in Japan
Zero in France and Belgium
Obsence in Brazil
“V” sign means
Victory / peace in America
Hi / hello in Vietnam
Put feet up on the desk
American business executives: enjoy relaxing
Vietnam to Thailand: feel extremely insulting
Facial Expressiveness
The meaning is determined by
situations
relationships
The smile is an expression of
Pleasure in American culture
Affection when a woman gives to her baby
Suspicious behavior in Russian culture to strangers in public
Embarrassment in Southeast Asian culture
Politeness when someone meets up police officer
Help American teachers to guess whether Japanese students understand the lesson
Eye Contact
Shows intimacy, attention and influence
Lack of eye contact may convey
Mistrust in the U.S
Respect and deference in Asian countries
Conversational Distance
Other names
Personal space
Interpersonal distance
Comfort zone
Body bubble
The comfortable distance is determined
The nature of the relationship
Personalities
Cultural styles
4 aspects of nonverbal communication
Gestures
Facial expression
Conversational distance
Eye contact
