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married couple in their 40s, concerned about long term affects birth…

- - - - fimbrae
        
        ovarian ligament
        
        ovaries
        
        cervix
        
        endometrium
        
        vagina
  - - - vas deferens
        
        seminal vesicle
        
        prostate
        
        bulbourethral gland
        
        erectile tissue
        
        epididymis
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Prostate : contributes to fluid in ejaculate, serves as nourishment for sperm
        
        bulbourethral gland : produce clear slippery fluid that empties into urethra. neutralizes acidity associated with residual urine
        
        testes : produces male sperm
        
        erectile tissue : tonically contracted, allowing small amount of arterial flow for nutritional purposes
        
        epididymis : brings sperm to maturity
        
        penile head : opening for urine and semen/fluids
  - - - fallopian tubes: transport ova from ovary to uterus each month
        
        fimbriae : finger like projections activated by hormones to catch released egg and move to fallopian tube
        
        ovaries : produce eggs for fertilization, produce reproductive hormones , oestrogen, progesterone
        
        cervix : allows menstrual blood to flow from uterus into vagina. directs sperm into uterus during intercourse
        
        endometrium: prevent adhesions between opposed walls of myometrium, maintains patency of uterine cavity
- - - - primary oocyte finishes meiosis I
        
        ovulation : release of secondary oocyte from mature follicle
        
        occurs on day 14 of cycle
        
        luteal phase: days 15-28 of cycle
        
        corpus luteum : temporary endocrine gland, secretes progesterone and estrogen
        
        regression causes shedding of uterine lining during menstruation , marking end of luteal phase
  - - - proliferative phase : days 6 - 14 cycle, development of new functional layer of endometrium,
        
        overlaps time of follicle growth and ovary estrogen secretion
        
        secretory phase : day 15-28, increased progesterone secretion
        
        if fertilization doesn't occur, degeneration happens
- - - - withdrawal method : pull out before ejaculation/high failure rate
        
        barrier methods : prevent sperm from reaching uterine tubes - condoms, spermicidal gels
        
        IUD: flexible plastic structure inserted into uterus , copper/synthetic progesterone prevents implantation
        
        oral contraceptives or patches : prevent LH spike and ovulation
        
        morning after pills : inhibits ovulation when taken 72 hours after unprotected sex
        
        tubal ligation : surgically cutting uterine tubes and tying off ends. prevents sperm from reaching uterus
        
        1 more item...
- - - - 91% - 97% reliable
        
        may make periods more regular, and lessen cramps
- - - - 99% reliable
        
        may lighten or eliminate periods depending on the material chosen between hormone-free and progestin. may cause acne or ovarian cysts
        
        can be used until they enter menopause
- - - - 99% reliable
        
        may encounter irregular & unpredictable bleeding/spotting. or no more periods
- - - - may cause vaginal dryness, decreases sensation, can be difficult to use correctly
- - - - about 30% reliable
        
        high chance of getting pregnant
- - - - 99% reliable
        
        permanent procedure, no reversion
  - - - surgical cutting & sealing of part of vas deferens
        
        99% reliable, after 3 months post surgery