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Unit 4: Maritime Empires - Coggle Diagram

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    - - surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction
      - result of global patterns of movement in the Earth's atmosphere
    - - Spanish trading ships
      - linked the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific Ocean, making one or two round-trip voyages per year
    - - (see new tools)
  - - - Portuguese Navigator
      - main initiator of what would be known as the Age of Discovery
      - 1394 CE - 1460 CE
    - - 1451 CE - 1506 CE
      - Spanish Navigator
      - opened the New World for conquest and permanent European colonization
    - - 1460 CE - 1524 CE
      - Portuguese Navigator
      - first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route,
  - - - Portuguese ship used to explore West African Coast
      - Columbus' Nina and Pinta
    - - European travelers begin to notice wind gyres
      - Portuguese would sail West to India to avoid sailing into winds
    - - Caravel with 3-4 Masts
      - the santa maria
    - - Dutch cargo ship
      - carried 1/2 of all European sea trade
    - - Created by Greeks, mastered by Islamic world
      - Measures position of stars to determine location
- - - - widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas
      - supported increases in population in both hemispheres,
    - - infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants
      - formation of sores in the mouth and a skin rash.
    - - medication used to treat malaria
      - the ingredient in tonic water that gives it its bitter taste.
    - - cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico
      - total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice
    - - the basis of chocolate, and Mesoamerican foods
      - native to the Amazon Basin
    - - colonial-era Portuguese term for a sugar cane mill
      - could also describe the area as a whole including land, a mill, the people who farmed
    - - knights, soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire.
      - sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes
    - - transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas
      - regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage,
    - - worldwide collection of communities descended from native sub-Saharan Africans
      - descendants of the West and Central Africans who were enslaved
    - - agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.
      - typically purchased by parties separate from a farm.
  - - - Animals
        
        Pig
        
        Sheep
        
        Cattle
      - Plants
        
        Coffee
        
        Sugar Cane
        
        Grains
      - Disease
        
        Smallpox
        
        Influenza
        
        Bubonic Plague
    - - Animals
        
        Llamas
        
        Turkey
      - Plants
        
        Corn
        
        Rubber
        
        Vanilla
        
        Potatoes